【机器绕道】【求高手】【英译汉】【收费绕道】【有个叫tanchaoo的请远离】

【机器绕道】【求高手】【英译汉】【收费绕道】【有个叫tanchaoo的请远离】
原文如下：
Why does storytelling endure across time and cultures?Perhaps the answer lies in our evolutionary roots.A study of the way that people respond to Victorian literature hints that novels act as a social glue,reinforcing the types of behavior that benefit society.
Literature “could continually condition society so that we fight against Ease impulses and work in a cooperative way”,says Jonathan Gottshall of Washington and Jefferson College,PennsylvaniA．He and co-author Joseph Carroll at the University of Missouri,St Louis,study how Darwin’s theories of evolution apply to literature.Along with John Johnson,an evolutionary psychologist at Pennsylvania State University in DuBois,the researchers asked 500 people to fill in a questionnaire about 20o classic Victorian novels.The respondents were asked to define Characters as protagonists or antagonists,and then to describe their personality and motives,such as whether they were conscientious or power-hungry.
The team found that the characters fell into groups that mirrored the egalitarian dunamics of a society in which individual dominance is suppressed for the greater good (Evolutionary Psychology,vol 4,p 716).Protagonists,such as Elizabeth Bennett in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice,for example,scored highly on conscientiousness and nurturing,while antagonists like Brain Stoker’s Count Dracula scored highly on status-seeking and social dominance.In the novels,dominant behavior is “powerfully stigmatized”,says Gottschall.“Bad guys and girls are just dominance machines; they are obsessed with getting ahead; they rarely have pro-social behaviors.”
While few in today’s world live in such societies,“the political dynamic at work in these navels,the basic opposition between communitarianism and dominant behavior,is a universal theme”,says Carrall.Christopher Boehm,a cultural anthropologist whose work Carroll acknowledges as an important influence on the study,agrees.“Modern democracies,with their formal checks and balances,are carrying forward an egalitarian ideal.”
A few characters were judged to be both good and bad,such as Heathcliff in Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights or Austen’s Mr.Darcy.“They reveal the pressure being exercised on maintaining the total social order,” says Carroll.
Boehm and Carroll believe navels have the same effect as the cautionary tales told in older societies.“Novels have a function that continues to contribute to the quality and structure of group life,” says Boehm.“Maybe storytelling-from TV to folk tales-actually serves some specific evolutionary function,” says Gottschall,“They’re not just by-products of evolutionary adaptation.”

为什么讲故事的忍受跨越时空和文化?也许答案就在我们的进化根源.研究人的方式回应维多利亚文学暗示小说作为社会凝聚力,强化造福社会的行为的类型.
文学"可以不断条件的社会,使我们对易用性的冲动和工作中的合作方式",华盛顿和杰斐逊大学的乔纳森gottshall说,宾州他和密苏里大学的约瑟夫.卡洛尔的合作作者,圣路易斯,研究如何达尔文进化的理论适用于文学.约翰逊和约翰一起,宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一名进化心理学家在dubois研究人员要求500人填写问卷20o经典维多利亚小说.受访者被要求字符定义为主角或拮抗剂,然后描述他们的人格和动机,例如他们是否认真或电力需求旺盛.
研究小组发现,镜像的字符掉进组个别主导地位的社会的平等主义dunamics大好进化心理学的是隐含的,音量4,标普716指数.主角,如伊丽莎白.贝内特在简·奥斯丁的傲慢与偏见,例如,取得高度责任心和培育,而大脑链条德古拉伯爵取得高度拮抗剂关于寻求和社会主导的地位.小说中,占主导地位的行为是"有力的污名",说戈特沙尔."坏男孩和女孩只是机器的主导地位；他们迷上超前；他们很少有支持的社会行为.”