英语翻译In randomized tests there are several common ethical iss

英语翻译
In randomized tests there are several common ethical issues that surface.Most critics’ primary concern is that these types of experiments prevent doctors from performing their primary service to patients - healthcare.Similarly,many believe that researchers systematically place subjects in groups known to provide substandard treatment,according to earlier research that is usually the basis for most randomized-controlled tests.183 In response,others argue that such trials are necessary,because one cannot fully determine which course of action is preferable until a side by test is completed.184 This state of unknowing is based on the idea of equipoise,and it is the basis for modern ethics in randomization trials.Though previous trials or personal preference may cause researchers to believe one treatment is more likely,there is usually reasonable doubt that there is sufficient rationale behind these preferences.185 When no reasonable,rational preference exists for either option,it is said to be in equipoise.There are four different types of equipoise.In the medical field,there is the individual researcher’s opinion,individual equipoise,and the overall medical community’s opinion,clinical equipoise.In the general population,individual patients hold patient equipoise while the larger population of subjects possesses community equipoise.186 Different researchers and experts believe that each level of equipoise is necessary for randomization,though the matter remains up for debate.In scientific terms,randomization makes the most rational plan for achieving a reliable and valid result,but when combined with human ethics,it becomes much more difficult to determine exactly when it should be used on human subjects.

在随机试验有几个常见的,表面的道德问题.大多数批评者的主要关注的是,这些类型的实验阻止他们的主要表现为病人服务的医生 - 医疗保健.同样,许多人认为,研究人员系统地放置在已知能提供标准的治疗组科目,按之前的研究,通常是大多数随机对照试验的基础上.183对此,一些人则认为,这种试验是必要的,因为一个不能完全确定这当然是最好的行动,直至通过测试方完成.184这种无知状态的基础上,平衡力的想法,它是在随机试验的现代伦理的基础.虽然过去的研究或个人喜好可能会导致研究者认为,一个治疗的可能性更大,通常会有合理的怀疑,这些优惠背后有足够的理由.185如果没有合理的,理性的偏好或选项存在,它被认为是处于平衡状态.有四种不同类型的平衡力.在医疗领域,有个别研究者认为,个人平衡力,整体医学界的意见,临床平衡力.在一般人群中,个别患者病人平衡力而举行的主题更多的人口拥有社会平衡力.186个不同的研究人员和专家认为,每个级别的平衡力是随机必要的,但问题仍然注册的辩论.在科学方面,随机使得实现一个可靠和有效的结果最合理的方案,但与人类伦理结合起来,它变得更加难以确定何时应该对人类受试者使用.