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现在完成进行时于现在完成时各用在什么情况下?

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现在完成进行时于现在完成时各用在什么情况下?
用法
(1)现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) (2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句(过去时) ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. ●注:瞬间动词(buy,die,join,lose……)不能直接与for since 连用.要改变动词 come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out finish----be over open----be open die----be dead ……………… ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher? ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词 1、be+married代marry 2、be+ill代fall (get) ill 3、be+dead代die 4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be+awake代wake/wake up 6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be+open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词 1“be+on”代start,begin 2“be+up”代get up 3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army 3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
现在完成进行时
其构成形式如下: I / we / they have He / she / it has been + 动词的现在分词 功用如下: 1) 表示一个在过去开始而在最近刚刚结束的行动,如: Ann is very tired. She has been working hard. Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing? 2) 表示一个从过去开始但仍在进行的行动,如: It has been raining for two hours. (现在还在下) Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently. 3) 表示一个从过去开始延续到现在,可以包括现在在内的一个阶段内,重复发生的行动,如: She has been playing tennis since she was eight. 4) 现在完成时强调动作行为的结果、影响,而现在完成进行时只强调动作行为本身,如: Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car. The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it. 注意: ? 现在完成时有否定结构、而现在完成进行时没有否定结构. 现在完成时态可表示做完的时期以及已有的经验、但现在完成进行时不可以 现在完成进行时的否定结构 在当代英语中,现在完成进行时有时也可用否定结构.如: Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自从上周发生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好. He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并没有给我工作过,我和他没有过那许多接触. 否定句构成: 主语+has/have+not+been+现在分词 一般疑问句构成: Have/has+主语+been+现在分词+其他
[编辑本段]现在完成时与现在完成进行时不同点
1. 从定义上来看,现在完成时表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already"已经"或ever "曾经"连用,如: We have already learnt Module 3.我们已经学习了第三模块. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩. 而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,有可能还要进行下去的动作,一般不与already或ever等连用,如: We have been learning Module 4. 我们一直在学习第四模块.(不一定学完) 注意下面这组句子含义上的区别: I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了. (已看完) I have been reading the novel. (一直在看,不一定看完) 2. 相对于现在完成时表示一次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复.如: I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他.) I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见他.) 3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含义上有区别.现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程.如: —You look so tired, what have you been doing 你看起来很累,做什么了 (强调动作) —We are very tired. We've been cleaning the house. 我们很累,我们刚才在打扫房子.(强调该动作所导致) —We've cleaned the house. You may come in now. 我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了.(强调结果"房子干净") 4. 现在完成进行时态不能用来谈某个动作的具体次数或几件事情.这时,我们要用现在完成时态.如: I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.(×) I have drunk five cups of coffee this afternoon. 5. 现在完成时强调"事实";而现在完成进行时则强调"动作",并且常含有喜悦,愤怒,不满,厌恶等感情色彩.如: The lazy boy has lain in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天.(强调事实) The lazy boy has been lying in bed for a whole day. 这个懒孩子在床上躺了一天了.(强调动作,含有对小男孩厌恶的感情色彩) 6. 如果没有时间状语,现在完成进行时有延续性,现在完成时没有.如: I've been cleaning the house but I still haven't finished. I've cleaned the house, but I still haven't finished.(×)
哥哥不用谢