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插入语

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请老师详细讲解一下插入语的用法
解题思路:  在英语学习中,插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分,通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实,插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。
解题过程:
英语插入语用法小结

在日常交际用语和书面表达中,插入语频频出现。英语中的插入语是插在句子中的一个词,短语或从句,通常被逗号、破折号或句子的其他部分隔开,它与句子的其他部分之间没有语法上的关系,因此,有的语法学家将其归为独立成分。

插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加解释,说明或总结;有时表示说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子与前面的语句衔接的更紧密一些。

插入语大致可分为以下10种类型:

1. 形容词或形容词短语作插入语

如:worst still, sure enough, strange, most important of all等。

Strange, there is nobody in the classroom. 很奇怪,教室里没人。

2. 副词或副词短语作插入语

如:personally, honestly, fortunately, luckily, for us, though, besides, exactly, surely, frankly, still otherwise 等。

Luckily for you, I happen to have the key.

你很运气,我正好带了钥匙。

3. 介词短语作插入语

如:of course, in short, as a matter of fact, by the way, on the other hand, in my opinion, in conclusion等。

In short, we should not stop halfway.

简言之,我们不能半途而废。

As a result, they suffered heavy losses.

结果,他们受到了严重损失。

On the contrary, we should strengthen our ties with them.

相反,我们还应加强和他们的联系。



4. 现在分词短语作插入语

如:generally speaking, judging from/ by …, talking of…, considering…等。

Considering his age, he did very well.

从年龄考虑,他干得挺不错。

Frankly speaking, I don’t like the job.

坦率地说,我不喜欢这份工作。

Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tonight?

说到唱歌,你今晚愿意和我一块去音乐会吗?



5. 过去分词短语作插入语

Painted white, we like the house better.

漆成白色,我们更喜欢这房子。

注意:之所以称它为插入语,是由于这种过去分词是独立的,没有逻辑主语。



6. 动词不定式

如:to be sure, to be frank(坦率地说),to tell you the truth(说实话),so to speak (可以说)等。

To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.

坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。

That’s a wonderful idea, to be sure.

这个主意好极了,的确。

To tell you the truth, I am not very interested in going to the show.

说实在的,我不太想去看演出。



7. 代词词组

如:all the same(尽管如此),all told(总共),all in all(总的来说)等。

His crew was reduced to twenty-four all told.

他的船员减少到总共二十四人。

All in all, her condition is greatly improved.

总的来说,她的情况有很大好转。



8. 从句

如:if so / not / any, if I may say so, if you don’t mind, as you know, as you say 等。

If I may say so, we know nothing about it.

正如我所说的,我们对它一无所知。

This man, as you know, is good for nothing.

正如你所说的,这个人是个废物。



9. 句子

如:I say /hear, I think /hope / believe, you know / see, what’s more, that is (to say), I’m afraid, do you think / suppose等。

It’s a great mistake, I think, not to accept their proposal.

我看,不接受他们的建议是个大错误。

The temple disappeared, no one remembers when.

谁也不记得什么时候这座庙就没有了。

The old man, it is said, was an artist but people hardly know anything about this side of his life.

据说,这位老人曾是个艺术家,可是人们对他这方面的生活几乎一无所知。



10. 用标点符号引导插入语

如:He was (strange as it seems)an excellent sportsman.

他(尽管还显得令人不解)是个出色的运动员。

He was -to me at least, if not to you-a figure that was worth having pity on.

至少我觉得如此,即使你不这样认为,他是一个值得同情的人。



下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。

  例1 _____the more expensive the camera, the better its quality.

  A.General speaking B.Speaking general

  C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally

  解析:本题答案为C.generally speaking为分词短语,意思是“一般来说”,在句中用作插入语。

  小结:许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有:strictly speaking(严格地说),generally considering(一般认为), judging from……(根据……判断)等。

  例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____,neither of them could swim.

  A.In fact B.Luckily

  C.Unfortunately D.Naturally

  解析:本题答案为C.unfortunately为副词,意思是“令人遗憾地,不巧,可惜”,在句中用作插入语。

  小结:常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地说),obviously(显然),naturally(天然地),luckily (happily) for sb.(算某人幸运),fortunately(幸好),strangely(奇怪),briefly(简单地说)等。

  例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard,_____, you failed.

  A.in the end B.after all

  C.in other words D.at the same time

  解析:本题答案为C.in other words为介词短语,意思是“换句话说”,在句中用作插入语。

  小结:常用作插入语的介词短语有:in conclusion(总之),in a word(简而言之),in short(简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view(在我看来),in his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先), in addition(此外),of course(当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的),to her regret(使她遗憾的),for example(例如)等。

  例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____,we last met more than thirty years ago.

  A.What‘s more B.That is to say

  C.In other words D.Believe it or not

  解析:本题答案为D.believe it or not为一分句,意思是“信不信由你”,在句中作插入语。

  小结:用简短的句子结构作插入语,它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有:I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I believe(我相信),do you know(你知道吗),you see(你明白), I’m afraid(恐怕),it is said(据说),I suppose(我想),what’s more(而且),what’s worse(更糟糕的是),that is(也就是说),what is important(重要的是)等。

  例5 _____ with you,I have no money to spare.

  A.To be frank B.What’s more

  C.In addition D.However

  解析:本题答案为A.to be frank为不定式短语,意思是“坦率地说”,在句中用作插入语。

  小结:常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be sure(无疑地),to sum up(概括地说),to tell the truth(老实说)等。

  例6 _____, he should have done such a thing.

  A.Speaking general B.Strange to say

  C.Luckily D.Of course

  解析:本题答案为B.strange to say为形容词短语,意思是“说也奇怪”,在句中用作插入语。

  小结:常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用说),most important of all(最为重要),worse still(更糟糕的),even better(更好)等。


最终答案:略