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among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root

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among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve
the memory.这句话前部分可以这样翻译吗:在文明人中曾经以为……“ it前面不用加什么连接吗?  这句话中的by是什么意思?为什么用by?可以用其它词代替吗?这里是“有魔法”的意思,能用have吗?    could前面也不要连接词的么?  不懂啊~~~~
你翻译的很好:在文明人中曾经(有人)认为…
by some magical power 介词短语,意思是 “通过某种魔力),作方式状语.by "通过.”
又如:He earns his living by writing (他通过写作谋生) by不能用其他词代替
that ginger root by some magical power could improve这是一个主语从句,从句中ginger root是主语,could improve 是谓语.the memory 是宾语.
我们把这个主语从句改为宾语从句:Among civilized people ,some people thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory.
意思是:在文明人中,有些人认为,姜根通过某种魔力的制作可以改进记忆力.