帮忙翻译下英语文章,在线翻的都不通~

帮忙翻译下英语文章,在线翻的都不通~
2. Literature review
Much research has been undertaken into measuring the temperatures generated during cutting operations. Investigators have attempted to measure these cutting temperatures with various techniques (see Fig. 2 based on [1]). The main techniques used to evaluate the temperature during machining (tool-chip thermocouple, embedded thermocouple, and
thermal radiation method) have been reviewed by Barrow [2] and are discussed below.
Thermocouples have always been a popular transducer used in temperature measurement. Thermocouples are very rugged and inexpensive and can operate over a wide temperature range. A thermocouple is created whenever two dissimilar metals touch and the contact point produces a small open-circuit voltage as a function of temperature. If these two dissimilar materials are the cutting tool and the workpiece material, then this thermocouple is called a tool-chip or tool-work thermocouple. The tool-work thermocouple technique is used to measure the cutting temperatures at the interface between the tool and the chip. This technique is easy to apply but only measures the mean temperature over the entire contact area [1,3]. High local or flash temperatures which may occur for a short period of time cannot be observed.
Standard thermocouples embedded in the cutting tool or workpiece material can be used to measure the temperature at a single point or at different locations to establish the temperature distribution in the tool. They can also be positioned at the interface between an indexible insert and the tool holder. Standard thermocouples are readily available at low cost and can be supplied with different types of insulation depending on the application.

2.文学回顾 Much研究被承担了入测量在切口操作期间引起的温度.调查员试图测量与各种各样的技术的这些切削温度(参见2基于的图[1]).被用于的主要技术评估温度在用机器制造期间(工具芯片热电偶,嵌入热电偶,和 thermal辐...