英语的句子成分都是啥啊?高中了,不是很明白.希望大家帮帮忙,讲清楚些.谢了

英语的句子成分都是啥啊?高中了,不是很明白.希望大家帮帮忙,讲清楚些.谢了

高中要求掌握的句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语.
这些成分的判断基本和汉语是一致的.
主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体,如“我写字”中的“我”,就是主语,它做出“写”这个动作.“写”则是谓语,而“字”是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象,它因此被称为宾语,有的语法书也称它为“客体”或“受体”.主语可以这些列词类或形式来担任：名词,代词,名词化了的动词,形容词,分词,副词或数词等,动词不定式或不定式短语,从句等.
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的.主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语.汉语中常用‘……的’表示.定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系.在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要.“的”是定语的标志.
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy,就是定语；blue修饰名词pen,也是定语.）/小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔.
状语：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等.状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当.其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中.副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念.
1.副词一般在句子中做状语． He speaks English very well.他英语说得非常好.中的very是程度状语,用来修饰well.very well是修饰speak的程度状语.He is playing under the tree.他在树下玩儿.中的under the tree是地点状语.
2.不定式在句子中可以作目的状语.
I come specially to see you.我专门来看你.
3.介词短语 Ten years ago,She began to live in Dalian.The boy was praised for his bravery.
4.从句作状语 When she was 12 years old,she began to live in Dalian.If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.
5.分词作状语 Having had a quarrel with his wife,he left home in a bad temper.Inhibited in one direction,it now seems that the Mississippi is about to take another.
英语补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的.补语是起补充说明作用的成份.最常见的是宾语补足语.名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补.
主语的补语
它用在系动词后,是句子的一个基本成分.常用主－系－表结构.1.I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少,至少我认为是她.（her做宾语,with做介词宾语,them做主语补语）
2..-- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶?-- Me.--我.（me做主语补语= It's me.）
3.John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.（she做主语补语） 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她.
宾语的补语
不定式(to do)作补语 Father will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍.
We believe him to be guilty.我们相信他是有罪的.
We made him copy the sentence.
He is made to copy the sentence.
I felt my hands tremble.
名词作补语 At the meeting we elected him monitor.
I think your brother a clever boy.
形容词作补语 What you said made Xiao Wang angry.
I found the classroom empty
副词作补语 Please call the students back at once.
He was seen to take his cap off.
现在分词作补语 We hear him singing in the hall.
I found him lying in bed,sleeping.
过去分词作补语 He saw his face reflected in the water.
I heard it spoken of in the next room.
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