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英语翻译Scholars have long debated the relative importance of na

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英语翻译
Scholars have long debated the relative importance of nature (hereditary influences) and nurture (environmental influences) in child development.It was once assumed that these forces operated independently of each other.Today developmental scientists recognize that both influences are essential and are mutually influential.For example,how a child responds to parenting—an environmental influence—is partly determined by the child’s temperament and other inherited characteristics.
Likewise,the environment influences how hereditary characteristics develop and are expressed.During the past century,for example,there have been significant increases in average height because of improved nutrition and medical care,even though individual differences in height are strongly influenced by heredity.The conclusion that strongly inherited characteristics are changeable has important practical implications.
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学者们一直就在儿童成长过程中自然(遗传影响)和培育(环境影响)孰轻孰重争论不休.过去,人们认为这两种作用力是相互独立的.现如今,发展学家承认二者都是必须且相互影响的.例如,一个孩子如何应对父母的培育-这是一种环境影响-部分取决于孩子的性格和其他遗传因素.
同样,环境也影响着遗传特征的发展和表现方式.在上世纪,例如,即使身高的个体差异很大程度上是由遗传因素影响的,由于医学进步和营养的提高,人均身高上升了很多.强势的遗传因素也是不断变化的,这个结论有着非常重要的实际意义.