再问两道GWD模考题Which of the following most logically completes th

再问两道GWD模考题
Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
The irradiation of food kills bacteria and thus retards spoilage.However,it also lowers the nutritional value of many foods.For example,irradiation destroys a significant percentage of whatever vitamin B1 a food may contain.Proponents of irradiation point out that irradiation is no worse in this respect than cooking.However,this fact is either beside the point,since much irradiated food is eaten raw,or else misleading,since _______.
A.many of the proponents of irradiation are food distributors who gain from food’s having a longer shelf life
B.it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on food is not the only effect that irradiation has
C.cooking is usually the final step in preparing food for consumption,whereas irradiation serves to ensure a longer shelf life for perishable foods
D.certain kinds of cooking are,in fact,even more destructive of vitamin B1 than carefully controlled irradiation is
E.for food that is both irradiated and cooked,the reduction of vitamin B1 associated with either process individually is compounded
OA是E,
4.Despite the increasing number of women graduating from law school and passing bar examinations,the proportion of judges and partners at major law firms who are women have not risen to a comparable extent.
(A) the proportion of judges and partners at major law firms who are women have not risen to a comparable extent
(B) the proportion of women judges and partners at major law firms have not risen comparably
(C) the proportion of judges and partners at major law firms who are women has not risen comparably
(D) yet the proportion of women judges and partners at major law firms has not risen to a comparable extent
(E) yet the proportion of judges and partners at major law firms who are women has not risen comparably
OA是C,C当中的firms who are women,我老觉得 who are women修饰firms.这句话应该改成the proportion of judges and partners who are women at major law firms
补充一个题
At the annual stockholders meeting,investors heard a presentation on the numerous challenges facing the company,including among them the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales for the company’s powerful microprocessor chip.
A.including among them the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the declining sales for
B.which includes the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and declining sales of
D.among them the threat of a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit and the decline in sales of
E.among these the threat from a rival’s multibillion-dollar patent-infringement suit as well as the decline in sales for
OA是D,可是我觉得E当中的them有指代不清的嫌疑,因为其前面有两个复数名次,既可以指investors又可以指challenges .

1、辐射食品能够杀灭细菌,但也会降低食物的营养成份.比如,辐射会降低食物中的维生素B1.支持者认为辐射并不比烹调（cooking）更坏（含义是烹调也会是维生素减少）,但是,这种说法或者是被排除的,因为一些食物是生吃的,或者是误导性的,因为____
需要在后面添加一个能使逻辑完整的句子.题干中转折很多,最后一个句子明显是either or结构,需要在含义和态度上并列,since后面是这种态度的原因.最后一个since之前的句子明显是反驳“支持者”的,基本态度应该是辐射食品是不好的,后面的原因也应该支持这种态度.
A、说支持者是谁,并不能直接指出辐射食品哪里不好.
B、无关选项,也不能表达辐射食品好不好的含义.
C、这个选项讲的是辐射食品的好处.
D、这个选项的含义是辐射食品未必不好,某些烹调方法可能更不好,是一个无关选项,而且含义与应该填上去的基本态度相左.
E、对于既是辐射的又需要烹调的食品来讲,维他命B1的减少效果是在各自过程中合成的.这说明辐射是不好的,因为效果合成,所以烹调辐射食品,维生素损失的就更多了,这说明辐射的坏处.而且,这一个选项与第一个since正好互补,说明对于生吃的和需要烹调的食物,辐射都是不好的.
2、首先,前面有despite,后面不能在出现but或者yet之类的,就如同though和but不能同时出现一样,出于简洁的原则,可以首先排除D、E.再看A、B、C这三个选项,其实考察的是“主谓一致”这个考点,后面句子的主语是proportion,后面要求一个单数谓语,A、B都用了复数谓语have,只有C用了单数谓语has.因此,正确答案是C.
一般来讲,在GMAT当中,从句的引导词应该尽量靠近先行词,这是一个规则,我们在写作的时候应该尽量遵守.但是,在实际语法考试当中,进行跳跃指代的时候也并不罕见,甚至有时候会故意用跳跃指代来规避可能出现的语法错误.当然,这属于非常难的考法了,一般考试应该不会遇到这么变态的.我们只要记住常用的规则就可以了.但是在这道题中,就不要太拘泥于这些规则了.who明显的指代很清楚,只能指人,不能代指firm,如果要考你who究竟是代指partners还是代指judges and partners,还可能有指代不清的嫌疑,但是此题明显不是在这里出考点的.因此,抓住上面说的两个考点（简洁原则和主谓一致原则）,很容易把答案选出来,至于指代的问题,也就不比多做纠结了.
GMAT的语法不是选最对的,而是选最优的,在其余选项都存在明显问题的情况下,尤其是存在明显与一些规则相悖的情况下,即便剩下的一个选项有点小问题,也要选这个.对于我来讲,除非指代存在明显的问题（如that裸奔或者单复数指代有错误等）,一般我都是把指代的错误放到最后考虑的,我会先考虑有没有其它更明显的错误,比如主谓一致等.
3、此题我也把握不好,感觉整个句子的结构有点怪.但D答案似乎更好一点.首先B中的which后面接单数谓语,明显表示which指代company,但根据句意理解,明显不能是company includes,应该是challenges include.剩下的三个选项都存在them或者these指代的问题（从句意上来看,them应该指challenges,但由于有了一个investors,确实会有歧义发生,但这种歧义在GMAT考试中应当作次要错误来看待,如果实在找不到别的明显错误了,再考虑这个问题）,因此指代问题反正是所有选项都有的问题,就可以不考虑这个因素了,我们不需要管them的指代是否正确,只要在这三个里面挑一个最好的就行了.E中的these不对,these不能“裸奔”,即这个词一定要修饰点什么东西,比如these people,而不能在GMAT语法中单独进行指代.A中的including among them感觉不好,而且including也感觉不好,应该是challenges including,但A选项的结构好像无法表达这个含义.D选项至少比较平行,and前后都是“名词＋of＋所属格”的结构,看起来比较好看.但among them感觉也不太好.不过反正是所有选项都有的毛病,可以不去管它.D至少比其余选项更优一些.