英语翻译7、Reasons for such attitudes are easy to find.Those 19th

英语翻译
7、Reasons for such attitudes are easy to find.Those 19th century cautionary stories,designed to frighten the young into good behaviour by feeding them visions of the awful consequences of youthful disobedience,find no defenders now and have not done so for some time past.
Former evangelical gloom has long been replaced in children’s literature by a general mood of secular optimism.Backed up by the growth of 20th century developmental psychology,
childhood as described in contemporary child-rearing manuals is now seen as ideally an entirely positive time for all concerned,other things being equal.When something goes seriously wrong in a child’s life,this is generally explained in terms of his or her parents,school or neighborhood being at fault.Popular experts in this field still tend to insist that such
children always have the capacity eventually to struggle back to an even keel,if only they aregiven the chance and the right support.In children’s literature too,it is unusual to feature troubled young heroes or heroines who do not finally overcome at least some of their problems by the end of a novel.
8、Underpinning such optimism is a long-lasting belief in a general ‘get up and go’ philosophy,typical of a confident British protestant culture and its abiding belief in the virtues as well as the efficacy of self-help.In this scenario,eventual happiness following a life of hard work and sound morals always remains a strong possibility.While fairy stories told in the rest
of Europe tend to get gloomier and more fatalistic the further North or East they are located,British fairy tales,according to the great folklorist Katharine Briggs (1967),have always been marked by an atmosphere of positiveness.Never over-moralistic,they typically concentrate on
qualities like kindliness,courtesy and openness.While Grimms’ tales contain references to times of starvation and even cannibalism,both of which were known as realities in mid-Europe during the Thirty Years War,British folk stories although mentioning poverty and hardship
usually stop short at images of social catastrophe.This gentler view of life is of course easier to get away with in a country last invaded in 1066 and with no knowledge of internecine warfare at least on its mainland since 1745.

这种态度的理由很容易找到.这些19世纪的警示故事,目的是吓唬年轻到良好行为的喂养他们的理想的可怕后果青春不服从,没有发现维护者现在还没有这样做了一段时间过去.
前福音阴霾早已取代儿童文学的一般世俗的乐观情绪.后盾的增长,20世纪发展心理学,
童年所述当代育儿手册,现在被视为理想的一种完全积极的时间对有关各方来说,其他条件都相同的.什么东西不用严重错误,一个孩子的生命,这是一般解释他或她的父母,学校或街道被错.热门专家在这一领域仍然倾向于坚持认为,这种
孩子总是有能力最终斗争回到平稳,只要他们aregiven的机会和权利的支持.在儿童文学太多,它是非常罕见的功能困扰年轻英雄或英雄谁不终于克服至少有一些自己的问题在年底小说.
8 ,支撑这种乐观情绪是一项长期持久的信念,一般'起床去'的哲学,典型的英国新教的文化自信和坚定不移的信念,它的优点,以及功效自助.在这种情况下,最终的幸福生活后,勤奋工作和良好的道德始终保持一个强有力的可能性.虽然童话故事中的其余
欧洲容易和更加悲观宿命论进一步北或东,他们的位置,英国童话,根据伟大的民俗学者凯瑟琳布里格斯（ 1967年） ,一直特点的气氛中进行的积极性.从来没有过说教,他们通常集中在
质量,比如和蔼,礼貌和开放性.虽然格林的故事提到倍饥饿,甚至吃人,这两个被称为现实中旬在欧洲三十年战争,英国民间故事虽然提的贫穷和困苦
通常停止短期在图像的社会灾难.这温和的人生观,当然更容易得逞的最后一个国家在1066年入侵和没有知识的自相残杀的战争,至少在内地自1745年
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