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什么时候用动词原形

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什么时候用动词原形
在现行的初中英语教材中,大致有以下十种情况使用动词原形:
  1.与助动词或情态动词do,does,did,shall,will,should,would,may,might,have to,must,need,ought to等一起构成谓语的动词时,要用原形.如:
  Do you like English?你喜欢英语吗?
  May I use your telephone?我可以用你的电话吗?
  We must study hard and make progress every day.我们必须好好学习,天天向上.
  Shall we tell her to wait?我们要不要告诉她等一下?
  2.祈使句的谓语动词,要用原形.如:
  Close the door behind you,please.请随手关上门.
  Don't make a noise.别吵闹.
  Let's live in peace and friendship.让我们生活在和平和友谊之中.
  3.感觉动词look at,see,watch,notice,listen to,hear,feel等的宾语与其补足语构成逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作的最后结果或全过程时,作宾语补足语的动词要用原形.但改成被动语态要带to.如:
  I saw the train come into the station.我看见火车进站了.
  I heard a letter drop.(A letter was heard to drop.) 我听到信掉了下去.
  4.使役动词let,have,make后的宾语与作宾语补足语的动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时,这个动词要用原形.但改成被动语态要带to;let后的动词可不带to,如:
  He let Jack lead the way.他让杰克在前面带路.
  Have him send the letter.叫他把信送去.
  His jokes made us all laugh.他的笑话使我们都大笑起来.
  Everyone must be made to know nobody should break the law.
  应使每个人都知道,谁也不得违法.
  5.两个以上的并列不定式用and或or连接起来,第二个不定式常省去to.如:
  Let's go and play football.我们去踢球.
  It is fun to jump into pool or go swimming in a river in summer.
  在夏天跳进游泳池或江河里去游泳是很有趣的.
  6.在why not…和why…句型中,not和why后直接跟动词原形,构成反问,表示“建议、劝告、责备或提醒”等.如:
  Why not use my bicycle?为什么不用我的自行车呢?
  Why waste so much money?为什么要浪费那么多钱呢?
  7.动词help后是复合宾语,其宾语补足语由动词充当时,这个动词前带to或不带to都可,但在被动语态中必须带to.如:
  She helped me (to) clean the room.
  (I was helped to clean the room byher.)他帮我打扫房间.
  8.do,dose,did与动词原形连用,以加强语气,不但可以用在祈使句中,而且也可用在一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定陈述句中.如:
  Do be careful!一定要当心!
  She does look nice today.她今天看起来的确漂亮.
  I did think be was wrong.我的确认为他错了.
  9.不定式作介词but和except的宾语,当其前有实意动词do时,后面的动词不定式要省略to.如:
  Jack had nothing to do but/except watch TV.杰克除了看电视外无事可做.
  10.在一些固定的句型中,如had better(最好),would rather (宁愿),would rather…that…(宁愿…而不)等后面的动词要用原形.如:
  You had better have a good rest.你最好好好休息一下.
  He would rather go to work by bike.他宁愿骑自行车去上班.
  As a revolutionary,he would rather die with his head high than live with his knees bent.作为革命者,他宁愿昂首而死,而不愿屈膝求生.
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