作业帮跪求英语语法（初中左右的）越多越好（但求正确）!
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跪求英语语法（初中左右的）越多越好（但求正确）!
比如说like doing sth等等
比如说like doing sth等等
九年制阶段英语语法浅解
师大 徐
词法
词类 英语的词类在划分和定语方面与汉语有很大的相似性,比如,英语中通常把词分为名词,动词,代词,形容词,冠词,副词,介词,连词,叹词等,而汉语中除了没有介词之外,其他词性都有,而汉语中有量词,而英语中没有.另外英语的词性中还含有词的变体,既词的变化形式,比如动名词,过去分词等.
第一讲 名词
一 分类
名词根据可数与否,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词.所谓可数名词是指可以用数来数的名词,不可数名词是指不可以用数来数,或者数不过来,或者没有办法来数,比如（大米）（水）,通常是指物质名词.另外,名词还可以分为普通名词和专有名词.
二 用法
1 可数名词变复数的一般规则
（1）一般的直接在名词词尾加S,比如
Book----books room---rooms friend---friends
（2）以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加es,比如
Bus----buses box---boxes fish---fishes(fish) peach---peaches
（3）以O结尾的有生命的加es,无生命的加s,比如
Mango---mangoes hero---heroes zoo---zoos
（4）以辅音字母加y结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,变“y”为“i”,再加es,比如
Family---families fly(苍蝇)---flies
注意：英语的26个字母中,我们通常情况下把A,E,I,O,U作为元音字母,用汉语字母规则来记忆既是a o e I u.
我们这里反复强调是“辅音字母”加y结尾,若是元音字母,则对应其他规则,比如,boy由于y前是元音,所以,它的复数形式是在词尾加s.既boy--boys
（5）以f,fe结尾的,变“f”“fe”为“v”,再加es,比如
Knife---knives wife—waives wolf---wolves
2 可数名词的特殊变化形式.
Man—men woman---women child---children chick---chicker
Mouse---mice sheep---sheeep deer(鹿)---deer fish---fish
Chinese---chinese people---people foot---feet tooth---teeth
Ox(公牛)---oxen
3 不可数名词的量的表示法,用表示量的名词词组俩表示,比如
A glass of water , a cup of tea , a piece of paper.
在表示量的复数时,只需要把词组中表示量的名词变为复数,后面的不可数名词形式不变,比如
Two glasses of water three cups of tea four pieces of paper
4 名词所有格
名词所有格是表示名词所有关系的格式,通常有of和’s的两种形式.
（1） of结构的所有格 这种所有格通常是用来表示无生命的事物,比如
the leg of the desk the door of the classroom
（2） ’s的所有格 这种通常是用来表示有生命的名词的所有格,
A 一般的在名词词尾直接加’s,比如,lily′s room
B 以“s”结尾的直接加’,比如,the teachers′desk
C 表示两者共同拥有某一物品时,只在后面一个名词的末尾’s比如,Andy and lily′room(两人共有)
表示两人分别拥有某一物品时,要在每一个词的末尾加s’,比如,Andy′s and lily′s room(两人分属)
（3） 双重所有格 事实上,of结构的所有格和’s的所有格并不是界限分明的,有时候通常混用,也可以连用构成双重所有格,比如
A friend of lilei′s(friends) 李雷朋友中的一个朋友.
三 名词在句子中的语法作用
名词在句子中可以充当主语,宾语,表语,定语等语法成分.
Today is Sunday, September 10, 2006.(句中的Sunday是名词充当表语,和前面的系动词一起构成系表结构作谓语.)
He buys many books.（句子中的book作宾语）
Lilei is a student.（句子中的名词lilei作主语.）
My English teacher is tall.（句子中的名词english作定语.）
http://school.ecp.com.cn/resource/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=8345
名 词
在中考单项选择试题中,除了时态,名词的考查频率也较高.一般考查以下几点：
一、 可数名词与不可数名词
在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类,（1）分辨是哪一类名词,并根据结论做选择.（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化.（3）不可数名词的量化表达.所以,考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词.其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则.可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es,如：
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5baby---babies family---families
另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如：
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet
man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese
deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外,大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等.尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如：
Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外国朋友.（这里的五班指五班的同学的.）
His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好.（很显然,这里的family指家庭成员.）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用.例如,
Our school team often plays well in our city.
我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好.（这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays.
二、 名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s,一种是用of来表示.一般情况下,指某人的某物用’s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示.另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加’s,而应该加-’即可.例如,boys’ clothes girls’ dresses. 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss’s handwriting,其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略.因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s.那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,Jones’s car.
下面我们来做一部分习题.
1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s
答案：D
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.
A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any
答案：B
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks
答案：D
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do
D. book to read
答案：B
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.
A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many
答案：C
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks
D. some chalks
答案：A
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers
D. Friends of her
答案：B
下面请大家自己练习一下.
1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher’s
答案：B
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I’d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.
A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper
答案：B
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please?
---No, thank you. I still have some.
A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all
答案：A
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health
答案：A
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语!
5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her
C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her
答案：B
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.
A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’s
D. Mary’s and Jane’s
答案：D
http://www.wwenglish.com/en/school/3/2255.htm
形容词和副词
在中考单项选择中形容词也占一定比例,一般考查有关形容词或副词的一些搭配,但绝大部分考查形容词与副词的比较级和最高级.
一、 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
①一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est,如：small --- smaller --- smallest
② 以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加 –r或 –st,如
large --- largest --- largest
③ 重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的,需双写该辅音字母,再加-er或-est.
④ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词,把“y”变“i”,再加 –er或-est.
busy---busier---busiest
happy---happier---happiest
但一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most,如：
slowly --- more slowly --- most slowly
difficult---more difficult---most difficult
beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful
但还有一些不规则的变化：
good / well---better---best
many---more---most
bad / ill / badly ---worse---worst
little---less---least
far --- farther / further --- farther / furthest
二、 形容词和副词的等比句型
①as…as… 和……一样
I’m as tall as you.
② not as(so)…as 不和…… 一样（在否定句中常用so 来代替as）如,
I can’t run so fast as you.
另外as…as possible 为固定结构,如,as soon as possible, as quickly as possible 等.
在以上两个句型中形容词或副词一定要用原级.
三、形容词和副词的其它句型还有：
① 形容词/ 副词 比较级 + than 句型 ,在than 后面的人称代词 用主语和宾语均可.
He is older than I / me.
但是如果人称代词后有动词时,则只能用主格形式.如,
Tom found more red leaves than I did.
② “the + 比较级, the + 比较级” 结构表示两个变化一起发生.如, The more you learn, the more you’ll know.
③ “more and more”结构（指两个形容词比较级用and 连接）表示持续不断的变化. 如： I’m getting thinner and thinner.
四、修饰形容词和副词的比较级的副词要用much, a lot, a little, a bit, far等,very不能和比较级连用.如：
The blouse I bought yesterday is a little less expensive.
昨天我买的衬衣比较便宜.
To play basketball is far more enjoyable to the boy.
打篮球对于男孩子来说要有趣得多.
五、形容词的一些搭配,如：
be glad / happy/ pleased to do 很高兴做某事
be sorry to do 很抱歉,很遗憾做某事
be sure to do 一定/相信会做某事
be ready to do 准备好做某事,乐于做某事
get ready to do 为……做好准备 等等.
下面我们来看一些例题.
1． The Yellow River is one of ___ in China.
A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river
D. the long river
答案：A
2. Does he speak Chinese ___ his brother?
A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. best than
答案：C
3. Which shirt do you like ___, the white one or the blue one?
A. better B. good C. best D. much
答案：A
4. I don’t feel ___ to go to work today. I’m ill.
A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good
答案：B
5. Mary would like to spend ___ days on her research.
A. a little more B. a little C. a few more D. much more
答案：C
下面请大家自己做以下练习.
1. Be quiet, class! I have ___ to tell you.
A. important anything B. important something
C. anything important D. something important
答案：D
2. This picture book is not ___ that one.
A. so interesting as B. so interesting than C. as interesting than
D. interesting as
答案：A
3. This article is ___ than that one.
A. much easier B. more easier c. much more easier D. more easy
答案：A
4. The Changjiang River is ___ river in China.
A. long B. longest C. the longest D. longer
答案：C
5. You must keep your room ___ and tidy.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. clean D. cleaned
答案：C
http://www.wwenglish.com/en/school/3/2255_2.htm
上面我们已经讲了动词、名词、形容词和副词的用法.
中考中当然也会涉及到其他诸如代词、数词、介词、和连词等的用法.
下面我就简单提醒大家每类词需注意的地方.
1. 代词
同学们需掌握以下不定代词：
all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every构成的合成词如 nobody等,并注意不定代词的定语后置,如something English
2. 数词
同学们需要记住一些特殊拼写的序数词.
如：第1--- first 第2--- second 第3--- third 第5--- fifth 第9--- ninth
第12--- twelfth 第20--- twentieth
另外需要记住以下短语：
hundreds of 数以百计
thousands of 数以千计
tens of thousands of 数以万计
several millions of好几百万
但表示确切的百或千时不能用复数形式,如：
ten thousand
three million
3. 介词的考察内容主要是介词短语,特别是那些有固定搭配和固定用法的介词短语.这类短语比较多,这里我不再一一赘述,大家可以看《初中英语复习指导》第204页至208页上的词组.但我要特别提几个以前旧教材所没有的短语,请大家注意.
如, speak highly of高度赞扬
regard… as …视为,把……看做……
make a contribution to doing sth 为……做贡献
4. 连词
同学们需要特别记忆以下连词或连词短语：
neither…nor…
either…or…
not only…but also…
both…and…
前三个短语引导主语时,谓语动词需遵循就近原则.
如, Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不正确.
Either Lucy or Lily is going there. 不是Lucy就是Lily要去那儿.
那么both…and…连接主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式.
如, Both Lucy and Lily are going there.
句子的种类
1．应特别注意掌握的简单句
有介词的特殊疑问句
在特殊问句中,作为介词宾语的疑问代词可以与介词分离,放在句首,而把介词放在句尾.如,
Whom do you travel with?
当然,也可以把介词放在句首.总之,不要把介词丢掉.
有插入语的特殊疑问句
在特殊问句中,经常可以看到这样的句子：
Where do you think they may go?
其中,do you think 是疑问式插入语,其余部分是think的宾语从句.注意,疑问式插入语同句子的其余部分不用逗号分开.疑问式插入语还有do you hope, do you guess 等.
在肯定句中也有插入语.如：
That man, I guess, is neither a policeman nor a soldier.
在肯定句的插入语要用逗号与句子的其他部分分开.去掉插入语,该句子仍然是个完整的句子.
You’d better (not)… (do sth.) 这个说法常用于提出“劝告,建议,告戒”. 比较委婉的有礼貌的说法是 Would you like …? 或 What about (doing)…?. 如,
It’s too dark. You’d better leave at once.
I’m afraid (that) …
I’m afraid (that) I can’t go with you today.
常用来委婉地表示自己的看法或预料一件令人不悦的事情.
2．并列句
并列句的考查重点是并列连词.并列连词有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等.
3．复合句
复合句考查的主要内容是宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句.
① 宾语从句
宾语从句的考查要点是：时态的呼应、人称的一致、词序等.
A.宾语从句的连接词：
宾语从句本身是叙述句是,用that 引导.
He said (that) he would leave on March 12 next weeek.
宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句时,用疑问词引导.
Do you know where we can find our teacher?
宾语从句本身是一般疑问句时,用if 或whether引导.
I don’t know if / whether he has done that.
B. 宾语从句与主句时态的呼应.
主句谓语是现在时和将来时的时候,宾语从句的动词时态不受影响.如,It is said that the panda was sent to America last month.
主句是过去时态,从句谓语要做适当调整：
a) 由现在时调整为过去时.
I didn’t know you were also here.
b) 由将来时调整为过去将来时
He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.
c) 过去时态多数不受影响,但“一般过去时”常调整为“过去完成时”,尤其是从句中有before, since 一类的时间状语时,多调整为“过去完成时”如：
She said she had worked at this school before her father came to this city.
② 状语从句.
状语从句有时间状语从句（常由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等词引导）、地点状语从句（常有where 引导）、原因状语从句（常有because, since, as 引导,这三词所表达的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题必须用because 来回答）, 条件状语从句（常由if引导）、结果状语从句（常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引导 ）、让步状语从句（常由though, although引导）.
③另外,今年新加了一个定语从句,其考查内容主要是正确使用关系代词｛who（指人）、that（指人或物）、which（指物）｝ , etc. 定语从句一般紧跟在修饰词的后面,如：
She is the person who I want to see. 她就是我想见到的人.
有时,为了使句子平衡,也可把定语从句与所修饰词分开.同学们还记得这样一句话吗?Then a screen came up that read, “Congratulations!” 这是第三册第54课中的一个句子.
下面我们来看一些例子：
1. The traveller was ___ tired that she couldn’t walk on.
A. so B. very C. too D. quite
答案：A
2. Do you know ___ ten years ago?
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where did he live
D. where he lived
答案：D
3. He didn’t go home ___ he finished the work.
A. since B. if C. because D. until
答案：D
4. I was reading the newspaper ___ I heard a loud shout outside.
A. while B. when C. though D. as
答案：B
5. I don’t know the man ___ is cleaning the door.
A. that B. where C. what D. who
答案：D
好,接下来大家自己做以下练习.
1. I didn’t remember ___ the woman before.
A. where I had seen B. where I have seen C. where had I seen
D. where have I seen
答案：A
2. It was raining heavily ___ we got to Paris.
A. while B. if C. when D. because
答案：C
3. The plane hasn’t arrived. Can you tell me ___?
A. what time is the plane late B. why is the plane late
C. why the plane is late D. what time the plane is late
答案：C
4. I don’t know if ___tomorrow?
A. it doesn’t rain B. the rain will stops C. the rains won’t stop
D. it won’t rain
答案：D
http://www.wwenglish.com/en/school/3/2255_3.htm
师大 徐
词法
词类 英语的词类在划分和定语方面与汉语有很大的相似性,比如,英语中通常把词分为名词,动词,代词,形容词,冠词,副词,介词,连词,叹词等,而汉语中除了没有介词之外,其他词性都有,而汉语中有量词,而英语中没有.另外英语的词性中还含有词的变体,既词的变化形式,比如动名词,过去分词等.
第一讲 名词
一 分类
名词根据可数与否,可以分为可数名词和不可数名词.所谓可数名词是指可以用数来数的名词,不可数名词是指不可以用数来数,或者数不过来,或者没有办法来数,比如（大米）（水）,通常是指物质名词.另外,名词还可以分为普通名词和专有名词.
二 用法
1 可数名词变复数的一般规则
（1）一般的直接在名词词尾加S,比如
Book----books room---rooms friend---friends
（2）以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加es,比如
Bus----buses box---boxes fish---fishes(fish) peach---peaches
（3）以O结尾的有生命的加es,无生命的加s,比如
Mango---mangoes hero---heroes zoo---zoos
（4）以辅音字母加y结尾,且末尾只有一个辅音字母,变“y”为“i”,再加es,比如
Family---families fly(苍蝇)---flies
注意：英语的26个字母中,我们通常情况下把A,E,I,O,U作为元音字母,用汉语字母规则来记忆既是a o e I u.
我们这里反复强调是“辅音字母”加y结尾,若是元音字母,则对应其他规则,比如,boy由于y前是元音,所以,它的复数形式是在词尾加s.既boy--boys
（5）以f,fe结尾的,变“f”“fe”为“v”,再加es,比如
Knife---knives wife—waives wolf---wolves
2 可数名词的特殊变化形式.
Man—men woman---women child---children chick---chicker
Mouse---mice sheep---sheeep deer(鹿)---deer fish---fish
Chinese---chinese people---people foot---feet tooth---teeth
Ox(公牛)---oxen
3 不可数名词的量的表示法,用表示量的名词词组俩表示,比如
A glass of water , a cup of tea , a piece of paper.
在表示量的复数时,只需要把词组中表示量的名词变为复数,后面的不可数名词形式不变,比如
Two glasses of water three cups of tea four pieces of paper
4 名词所有格
名词所有格是表示名词所有关系的格式,通常有of和’s的两种形式.
（1） of结构的所有格 这种所有格通常是用来表示无生命的事物,比如
the leg of the desk the door of the classroom
（2） ’s的所有格 这种通常是用来表示有生命的名词的所有格,
A 一般的在名词词尾直接加’s,比如,lily′s room
B 以“s”结尾的直接加’,比如,the teachers′desk
C 表示两者共同拥有某一物品时,只在后面一个名词的末尾’s比如,Andy and lily′room(两人共有)
表示两人分别拥有某一物品时,要在每一个词的末尾加s’,比如,Andy′s and lily′s room(两人分属)
（3） 双重所有格 事实上,of结构的所有格和’s的所有格并不是界限分明的,有时候通常混用,也可以连用构成双重所有格,比如
A friend of lilei′s(friends) 李雷朋友中的一个朋友.
三 名词在句子中的语法作用
名词在句子中可以充当主语,宾语,表语,定语等语法成分.
Today is Sunday, September 10, 2006.(句中的Sunday是名词充当表语,和前面的系动词一起构成系表结构作谓语.)
He buys many books.（句子中的book作宾语）
Lilei is a student.（句子中的名词lilei作主语.）
My English teacher is tall.（句子中的名词english作定语.）
http://school.ecp.com.cn/resource/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=8345
名 词
在中考单项选择试题中,除了时态,名词的考查频率也较高.一般考查以下几点：
一、 可数名词与不可数名词
在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类,（1）分辨是哪一类名词,并根据结论做选择.（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化.（3）不可数名词的量化表达.所以,考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词.其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则.可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es,如：
1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos
hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2bus---buses box---boxes
watch---watches brush---brushes
3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes
hero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves knife---knives
5baby---babies family---families
另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如：
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
Russian---Russians American---Americans
German --- Germans
child---children foot---feet
man---men woman---women
tooth---teeth goose --- geese
deer---deer sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of
另外,大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等.尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如：
Class Five have a foreign friend.
五班有一位外国朋友.（这里的五班指五班的同学的.）
His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好.（很显然,这里的family指家庭成员.）当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用.例如,
Our school team often plays well in our city.
我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好.（这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays.
二、 名词所有格
名词所有格有两种形式：一是加’s,一种是用of来表示.一般情况下,指某人的某物用’s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示.另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加’s,而应该加-’即可.例如,boys’ clothes girls’ dresses. 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss’s handwriting,其中the boss’s 的-’s不可省略.因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-‘s.那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,Jones’s car.
下面我们来做一部分习题.
1. June 1st is ___ Day.
A. Child’s B. Childs’ C. Childrens’ D. Children’s
答案：D
2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.
A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any
答案：B
3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.
A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks
答案：D
4. We have got a lot of___ today.
A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do
D. book to read
答案：B
5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.
A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many
答案：C
6. Will you pass me ___?
A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks
D. some chalks
答案：A
7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers
D. Friends of her
答案：B
下面请大家自己练习一下.
1. September 10th is ___ Day.
A. the Teacher B. Teachers’ C. Teacher D. Teacher’s
答案：B
2. ---Can I help you, sir?
---I’d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.
A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper
答案：B
3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please?
---No, thank you. I still have some.
A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all
答案：A
4. ___ the old woman is in!
A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health
答案：A
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!
⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语!
5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her
C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her
答案：B
6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.
A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’s
D. Mary’s and Jane’s
答案：D
http://www.wwenglish.com/en/school/3/2255.htm
形容词和副词
在中考单项选择中形容词也占一定比例,一般考查有关形容词或副词的一些搭配,但绝大部分考查形容词与副词的比较级和最高级.
一、 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
①一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est,如：small --- smaller --- smallest
② 以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加 –r或 –st,如
large --- largest --- largest
③ 重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的,需双写该辅音字母,再加-er或-est.
④ 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词,把“y”变“i”,再加 –er或-est.
busy---busier---busiest
happy---happier---happiest
但一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most,如：
slowly --- more slowly --- most slowly
difficult---more difficult---most difficult
beautiful---more beautiful---most beautiful
但还有一些不规则的变化：
good / well---better---best
many---more---most
bad / ill / badly ---worse---worst
little---less---least
far --- farther / further --- farther / furthest
二、 形容词和副词的等比句型
①as…as… 和……一样
I’m as tall as you.
② not as(so)…as 不和…… 一样（在否定句中常用so 来代替as）如,
I can’t run so fast as you.
另外as…as possible 为固定结构,如,as soon as possible, as quickly as possible 等.
在以上两个句型中形容词或副词一定要用原级.
三、形容词和副词的其它句型还有：
① 形容词/ 副词 比较级 + than 句型 ,在than 后面的人称代词 用主语和宾语均可.
He is older than I / me.
但是如果人称代词后有动词时,则只能用主格形式.如,
Tom found more red leaves than I did.
② “the + 比较级, the + 比较级” 结构表示两个变化一起发生.如, The more you learn, the more you’ll know.
③ “more and more”结构（指两个形容词比较级用and 连接）表示持续不断的变化. 如： I’m getting thinner and thinner.
四、修饰形容词和副词的比较级的副词要用much, a lot, a little, a bit, far等,very不能和比较级连用.如：
The blouse I bought yesterday is a little less expensive.
昨天我买的衬衣比较便宜.
To play basketball is far more enjoyable to the boy.
打篮球对于男孩子来说要有趣得多.
五、形容词的一些搭配,如：
be glad / happy/ pleased to do 很高兴做某事
be sorry to do 很抱歉,很遗憾做某事
be sure to do 一定/相信会做某事
be ready to do 准备好做某事,乐于做某事
get ready to do 为……做好准备 等等.
下面我们来看一些例题.
1． The Yellow River is one of ___ in China.
A. the longest rivers B. the longer river C. the longest river
D. the long river
答案：A
2. Does he speak Chinese ___ his brother?
A. as better as B. as good as C. as well as D. best than
答案：C
3. Which shirt do you like ___, the white one or the blue one?
A. better B. good C. best D. much
答案：A
4. I don’t feel ___ to go to work today. I’m ill.
A. good enough B. well enough C. enough well D. enough good
答案：B
5. Mary would like to spend ___ days on her research.
A. a little more B. a little C. a few more D. much more
答案：C
下面请大家自己做以下练习.
1. Be quiet, class! I have ___ to tell you.
A. important anything B. important something
C. anything important D. something important
答案：D
2. This picture book is not ___ that one.
A. so interesting as B. so interesting than C. as interesting than
D. interesting as
答案：A
3. This article is ___ than that one.
A. much easier B. more easier c. much more easier D. more easy
答案：A
4. The Changjiang River is ___ river in China.
A. long B. longest C. the longest D. longer
答案：C
5. You must keep your room ___ and tidy.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. clean D. cleaned
答案：C
http://www.wwenglish.com/en/school/3/2255_2.htm
上面我们已经讲了动词、名词、形容词和副词的用法.
中考中当然也会涉及到其他诸如代词、数词、介词、和连词等的用法.
下面我就简单提醒大家每类词需注意的地方.
1. 代词
同学们需掌握以下不定代词：
all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every构成的合成词如 nobody等,并注意不定代词的定语后置,如something English
2. 数词
同学们需要记住一些特殊拼写的序数词.
如：第1--- first 第2--- second 第3--- third 第5--- fifth 第9--- ninth
第12--- twelfth 第20--- twentieth
另外需要记住以下短语：
hundreds of 数以百计
thousands of 数以千计
tens of thousands of 数以万计
several millions of好几百万
但表示确切的百或千时不能用复数形式,如：
ten thousand
three million
3. 介词的考察内容主要是介词短语,特别是那些有固定搭配和固定用法的介词短语.这类短语比较多,这里我不再一一赘述,大家可以看《初中英语复习指导》第204页至208页上的词组.但我要特别提几个以前旧教材所没有的短语,请大家注意.
如, speak highly of高度赞扬
regard… as …视为,把……看做……
make a contribution to doing sth 为……做贡献
4. 连词
同学们需要特别记忆以下连词或连词短语：
neither…nor…
either…or…
not only…but also…
both…and…
前三个短语引导主语时,谓语动词需遵循就近原则.
如, Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不正确.
Either Lucy or Lily is going there. 不是Lucy就是Lily要去那儿.
那么both…and…连接主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式.
如, Both Lucy and Lily are going there.
句子的种类
1．应特别注意掌握的简单句
有介词的特殊疑问句
在特殊问句中,作为介词宾语的疑问代词可以与介词分离,放在句首,而把介词放在句尾.如,
Whom do you travel with?
当然,也可以把介词放在句首.总之,不要把介词丢掉.
有插入语的特殊疑问句
在特殊问句中,经常可以看到这样的句子：
Where do you think they may go?
其中,do you think 是疑问式插入语,其余部分是think的宾语从句.注意,疑问式插入语同句子的其余部分不用逗号分开.疑问式插入语还有do you hope, do you guess 等.
在肯定句中也有插入语.如：
That man, I guess, is neither a policeman nor a soldier.
在肯定句的插入语要用逗号与句子的其他部分分开.去掉插入语,该句子仍然是个完整的句子.
You’d better (not)… (do sth.) 这个说法常用于提出“劝告,建议,告戒”. 比较委婉的有礼貌的说法是 Would you like …? 或 What about (doing)…?. 如,
It’s too dark. You’d better leave at once.
I’m afraid (that) …
I’m afraid (that) I can’t go with you today.
常用来委婉地表示自己的看法或预料一件令人不悦的事情.
2．并列句
并列句的考查重点是并列连词.并列连词有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等.
3．复合句
复合句考查的主要内容是宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句.
① 宾语从句
宾语从句的考查要点是：时态的呼应、人称的一致、词序等.
A.宾语从句的连接词：
宾语从句本身是叙述句是,用that 引导.
He said (that) he would leave on March 12 next weeek.
宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句时,用疑问词引导.
Do you know where we can find our teacher?
宾语从句本身是一般疑问句时,用if 或whether引导.
I don’t know if / whether he has done that.
B. 宾语从句与主句时态的呼应.
主句谓语是现在时和将来时的时候,宾语从句的动词时态不受影响.如,It is said that the panda was sent to America last month.
主句是过去时态,从句谓语要做适当调整：
a) 由现在时调整为过去时.
I didn’t know you were also here.
b) 由将来时调整为过去将来时
He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.
c) 过去时态多数不受影响,但“一般过去时”常调整为“过去完成时”,尤其是从句中有before, since 一类的时间状语时,多调整为“过去完成时”如：
She said she had worked at this school before her father came to this city.
② 状语从句.
状语从句有时间状语从句（常由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等词引导）、地点状语从句（常有where 引导）、原因状语从句（常有because, since, as 引导,这三词所表达的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题必须用because 来回答）, 条件状语从句（常由if引导）、结果状语从句（常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引导 ）、让步状语从句（常由though, although引导）.
③另外,今年新加了一个定语从句,其考查内容主要是正确使用关系代词｛who（指人）、that（指人或物）、which（指物）｝ , etc. 定语从句一般紧跟在修饰词的后面,如：
She is the person who I want to see. 她就是我想见到的人.
有时,为了使句子平衡,也可把定语从句与所修饰词分开.同学们还记得这样一句话吗?Then a screen came up that read, “Congratulations!” 这是第三册第54课中的一个句子.
下面我们来看一些例子：
1. The traveller was ___ tired that she couldn’t walk on.
A. so B. very C. too D. quite
答案：A
2. Do you know ___ ten years ago?
A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where did he live
D. where he lived
答案：D
3. He didn’t go home ___ he finished the work.
A. since B. if C. because D. until
答案：D
4. I was reading the newspaper ___ I heard a loud shout outside.
A. while B. when C. though D. as
答案：B
5. I don’t know the man ___ is cleaning the door.
A. that B. where C. what D. who
答案：D
好,接下来大家自己做以下练习.
1. I didn’t remember ___ the woman before.
A. where I had seen B. where I have seen C. where had I seen
D. where have I seen
答案：A
2. It was raining heavily ___ we got to Paris.
A. while B. if C. when D. because
答案：C
3. The plane hasn’t arrived. Can you tell me ___?
A. what time is the plane late B. why is the plane late
C. why the plane is late D. what time the plane is late
答案：C
4. I don’t know if ___tomorrow?
A. it doesn’t rain B. the rain will stops C. the rains won’t stop
D. it won’t rain
答案：D
http://www.wwenglish.com/en/school/3/2255_3.htm