归纳英语短语break call come do get give go have hold keep look mak

归纳英语短语
break call come do get give go have hold keep look make take turn后面接up,off之类的介词分别是什么意思.如果归纳的好,

一、break1. break away (from)
(1) 突然逃掉或离开.如：
The thief broke away from the policeman. 小偷从警察那逃脱了.
(2) 断绝往来,脱离.如：
He broke away from all his old friends. 他同他所有的老朋友断绝了往来.
(3) 改掉(旧习惯),破除(旧作法).如：
You must break away from such habits. 你必须改掉那些习惯.
2. break down
(1) (机器、车辆等)坏了.如：
The car broke down after an hour’s driving. 车子开了一个小时就坏了.
(2) (计划、谈判等)失败.如：
Our plans have broken down. 我们的计划已失败了.
(3) (谈话、通讯等)中断.如：
He broke down as he was singing. 他没唱完就突然停住了.
(4) (健康、精神等)变坏.如：
Her health broke down under the pressure of work. 工作的压力把他的身体弄垮了.
3. break in
(1) 突然进来,强行进入.如：
He broke in and stole my money. 他闯进来偷了我的钱.
(2) 插嘴,打岔.如：
He broke in with some ideas of his own. 他插话谈了自己的一些想法.
Please don’t break in on our conversation. 请不要打断我们的谈话.
The secretary broke in to say that a telegram had just arrived. 秘书插话说刚收到一个电报.
注：以上用法的 break in 通常是不及物的,但有时也用作及物动词,带宾语,表示：训练某人(物),使某人(物)适应.如：
He is breaking in the new man as a machine operator. 我在训练那个新工人操作机器.
Two weeks in the new office should be enough to break you in. 在新办公室上两星期的班便足以让你适应了.
4. break into摘自www.nmet168.com
(1) 强行进入.如：
The thieves planned to break into a bank. 这些小偷计划闯银行.
(2) 突然……起来.如：
Hearing the news, she broke into tears. 听到这个消息,她就哭了起来.
The man broke into a run when he saw the police. 那个人一看到警察,拨腿就跑.
(3) 打断,插嘴.如：
He broke into the discussion with a shout of warning. 他大声警告,打断了讨论.
(4) 占用时间.如：
Social activities break into my time. 社会活动占去了我的时间.
注：break into 与 break in 的有时可表示相同的意思,但前者通常为及物的,后者通常为不及物的.
5. break off
(1) 停止讲话.如：
He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话没讲完就停住了.
(2) 暂停,休息.如：
Let’s break up for a rest. 我们休息一会儿吧.
(3) (使)折断.如：
The mast has (been) broken off. 桅杆折断了.
6. break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生或爆发.如：
A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾.
The 2nd World War broke out in September, 1939. 第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月.
Influenza usually breaks out in winter. 流感通常发生在冬季.
注：是不及物动词,所以不能带宾语,也不能用于被动语态.
7. break through
(1) 突破,有重要创见.如：
Scientists say they’re beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们说,他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破.
(2) 克服,征服.如：
You must try to break through your shyness. 你必须要设法克服羞怯.
(3) 强行穿过(进入).如：
The enemy’s defences were strong but our soldiers broke through. 敌人的防线很艰固,但仍为我军所突破.
注：有时指太阳、月亮等从云层里出来.如：
The sun broke through at last in the afternoon. 下午太阳终于从云层里钻了出来.
8. break up
(1) 解散,驱散.如：
The police broke up the crowd (the meeting). 警察驱散了人群(集会).
(2) (学校等)放假.如：
When do you break up for Christmas? 你们什么时候放圣诞节假?
(3) 结束,破裂.如：
The weather shows signs of breaking up. 好天气看样要过去了.
Their marriage is breaking up. 他们的婚姻濒临破裂.
(4) 击碎,撞碎.如：
The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞毁了.
(5) 绝交.如：
She’s just broken up with her boy-friend. 她刚与男朋友绝交.二、call1. call at a place (1) (车船等)停靠.如：The train calls at every station. 这火车每个站都停.(2) 到某地拜访.如：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访.
2. call away (1) 叫走,叫开.如：He was called away by a friend. 他被朋友叫走了.(2) 转移(注意力等).如：He is studying an important problem, and nothing can callaway his attention. 他正在研究一个重要问题,什么也不能使他分心.
3. call back(1) 唤回,叫回.如：>(1) He was about to leave when his wife called him back. 他正要离去,他妻子把他叫了回来.(2) 回电话,再打电话.如：I’ll call (you) back. 我将给你回电话.He’s not in. Please call back later. 他不在家,请过一会儿再打来.)
4. call for sth (sb)(1) 喊着叫某人来,喊着叫人取来某物.如：He called for the waiter. 他叫服务员.The boy called for his clothes. 小男孩喊着给他拿衣服来.He called for a glass of beer. 他叫了一杯啤酒.(2) 来或去取某物,来或去接某人.如：We called for the packages at the post office. 我们到邮局领取包裹.I’ll call for you (at your house) at nine. 我九点(到你家)来接你.(3) 需要,要求.如：This problem calls for careful thought. 这问题需要好好想一想.The work calls for time and patience. 这工作需要时间和耐心.
注：有时可接不定式的复合结构.5. call in (1) 叫进,请进.如：He only waited two minutes before he was called in. 他只等了两分钟就被叫了进去.(2) 找来,请来.如：Call in the doctor at once. 马上去请医生来.(3) 来访.如：Please call in at five. 请在五点来访.He called in the office this afternoon. 他今天下午来办公室坐了一会儿.(4) 收回.如：The librarian called in all the books. 图书管理员把书全部收了回去. 6. call off (1) 叫走,转移开.如：Call your dog off. 把你的狗叫走.(2) 取消,不举行.如：The match was called off because of bad weather. 由于天气不好,比赛取消了.He phoned me and called the appointment off. 他给我打电话取消了这次约会.
7. call (up)on sb 拜访或看望某人.如：He called on them that evening. 他那天晚上去拜访了他们.I called upon Mrs Foster this evening. 我今晚去看望了福斯特太太.
8. call sb sth 为某人叫某物.如：Please call me a taxi. 请帮我叫一辆出租车.请帮我叫一辆出租车.注：该句型也可用介词 for 改写.如：Please call a taxi for me.
9. call (up)on sb to do sth
叫(请)某人做某事.如：Then the teacher called on me to answer the question. 这里老师叫我回答问题.We are calling on you to help us. 我们恳请你帮助我们.(2) 号召某人做某事.如：The Party called on us to study hard for the people. 党号召我们要为人民努力学习.
10. call out(1) 大声叫(喊).如：He called out with pain. 他痛得大叫.The drowning boy called out for help. 溺水的男孩大声呼救.(2) 叫出去.如：The teacher called me out. 老师把我叫了出去.(3) 召唤,请来,调去.如：He decided to call out the army. 他决定动用军队.The fire brigade was called out twice last night. 昨晚消防队出动了两次.注：有时可接不定式的复合结构.如：A number of police were called out to keep order. 不少警察被调去维持秩序.
11. call up (1) (给……)打电话.如：Please call me up this evening. 请今晚给我打电话.请今晚给我打电话.All right, I’ll ring up again. 好吧,我回头再打电话.(2) 想起,回忆起.如：Your letter calls up the days when we worked together. 你的来信使我想起了我们在一起工作的情景.(3) 召集,应召入伍.如：He was called up right at the beginning of the war. 他在战争一开始就被应征入伍.三、comecome to do逐渐……
come about发生
come across…偶遇；偶尔发现
come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快
come at…袭击
come by… 获得
How did you come by these pictures?
come away脱离；折断
come back回来；复员；恢复
come down倒下；跌落；传下来
come down with…患（病）
come (in) first/second得第一/二
come forth出来；涌现
come forward 前进；自告奋勇；涌现
come from… 出身于；来自
come in/ into sight出现；被看见
come into being/ existence发生；产生；出现
come into effect/ force开始生效；开始实施
come into power/ office上台；掌握政权
come into use 开始使用
come off脱落；发生
come on（风雨等）到来；演出；赶快
come out长出来；出版
come out against… 起来反对
come out with… 讲出；泄露（秘密等）
come to= come to oneslef苏醒过来
come to …总计；谈到
His earnings comes to $182,000 a year.
When it comes to football, everyone likes David Beckham.
come a conclusion得出结论；告一段落
come to a stop/ an end停止
come to nothing毫无结果；失败
come to the point说到要点；抓住关键
come up走近；长出；流行
come upon…碰见
1. The rain is coming down. 雨开始下了.
在美语中,美国人很喜欢用动词片语,尤其是以 get 和 come 开头的片语.因为这类的动词除了表示出动作之外,还说出了方向.像上面这句话同样也可以说成 It's raining. 或是 It's starting to rain. 但表达的意思就不如 come down 来的丰富.
Come down 还有另一个重要的意思,就是“下来楼下”的意思.比如说你去找一个住在五楼的朋友,你在楼下的电话就可以问他：Do you want to come down? 你想不想下来啊?
2. I came up with a good idea to that question. 对那个问题我有一个好主意.
Come up with something 就是说突然想到一个主意或是其它事情,光用 come 表达不出那种“跑出一个想法”的意思,所以要用 come up.常见的有 come up with a solution 和 come up with a new idea.
3. Don't let the stuff come out. 不要让里头的东西跑出来.
比如包饺子,我们说不要让饺子里的馅跑出来,这里的“跑出来”就是用 come out.
Come out 也可以表示“不要待在家,出来走走”的意思.如果你要打电话约别人出来,就可以这样问：Do you wanna come out with me?
Come out 也常用于新书的出版,比如The new magazine just came out. 就是说“新的杂志刚刚出版了”.另外若是讲到数学计算时,美语中也常用come out来表示结果是多少,例如你可以说：The total comes out to be forty-five.
（二）
Come 这个词真是好像一个“百变星君”,和不同的词搭配,用法也千差万别.它和 in,on 还有 off 搭配,又是什么效果
1. This is where the argument comes in. 这是争议的所在.
有时在听美语对话中会有那种“咦,这个词用的真好,可是我就是用不出来”的感觉. Come in 就是一个很好的例子.
- We need to build more parking decks.
-Ok, this is where the argument comes in.
这里用了一个很棒的片语come in.
Come in 也常指“新官上任”喔! 例如学校新来了一个校长,你就可以说 A new president comes in.
2. Come on! 拜托喔.
Come on 是个几乎每天都会听到的片语,但是不同的语气、不同的场合有不同的意思.例如大热天你看到人家穿了一件毛衣,你就可以说：Come on,
dude. 就是说 “大哥,拜托你喔.” (有点受不了人家的意思) ,或是跟同学约好了五点出门,结果他四点五十九分还没到,你也可以催他：Come on, it's five already.
Come on 也可以表示叫人家过来的意思.例如你开车在路上看到朋友迎面走来,你就可以说：Come on, I'll give you a ride.
3. The ball doesn't come off the net. 这个球挂在网上掉不下来.
美国人很喜欢沙滩排球和草地排球 (拿一个活动的网子,在草地上一挂就玩起来了),这通常也是 party 的一个重要部份.Come off
简而言之就是“把两个原来在一起的东西分开”的意思.例如“油漆剥落”就可以说：The paint comes off gradually.
（三）
最后再看看它和by,to,into搭配所表示的意思.
1. I hope someone comes by and picks us up. 我希望有人经过然后让我们搭便车.
Come by 算是常见的片语,就是“从旁边经过”的意思.
2. We haven't come to a conclusion yet. 我们还没有得出结论.
Come to在这样的句子中常常可以见到,如“得出解答 (come to a solution)”,“得出结论 (come to a conclusion)”.和come up with 不同的是,come to 指的通常是最终的结果,而 come up with 只是想到某个想法而已.
Come to 也常用来表示“到某个地方/遇到……”,例如：You will come to a stop sign if you keep straight. 如果你直走的话, 你就会看到一个 stop sign.
3. This factor doesn't come into play in this case. 这个因素在这儿不起任何作用.
Come into 后面可以加一个名词来表示不同的意思,如例句中所说的 come into play 就是老师上课时喜欢用的片语之一.Come into effect 和 come into play 很相似,所以这句话也可以说成This factor doesn't come into effect in this case.