作业帮as if用法
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as if用法
as if/as though的用法
Holding his head high, he walked past the pole and the soldiers as ifthey didn’t exist.
as if 与as though 是一组同义词,两者意思相同,用法也相同,只是在口语中人们多半会用as if, 取其简短.
as if和as though 用法较为复杂,本文拟对其各种用法做一概述.
1．在通常情况下, as if 和as though 所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,表示所叙述的情况与事实相反.具体用法如下：
1)谈论现在情形的,用过去时（动词be用were,也可用was）：
Why is she looking at me as though she knew me? 他为什么那样看我?像是认识我似的.
He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的样子好像他拥有这个房子.
He treats me as if /as though I were a stranger.
He speaks as if he were an Englishman.
It’s not as though he was /were poor.
2)谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：
a)过去式,表示过去的状态,如：
He looked at me as if I were mad. 他那样看我,好像我是个疯子.
He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a
train was the best joke in the world.
他站在那里,望着火车哈哈大笑,好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的.
Mr. Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.
但是,如果状态动词带有持续时间状语,则用过去完成时：
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
(试比较：They had been friends for years.)
Now it is as though she had known Millie for years.
情态动词亦用过去时：
She felt as though she could hardly endure such a life.
她觉得简直无法忍受这样的生活.
b)过去完成时,表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成,如：
It was as if he had lost his last friend.
“I remember,” she tells her children now, “how wild his white hair
looked——as if it had been electrified.”
必须注意的时,在指过去的动作时,即使主句是现在时,as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时：
You look as if you’d seen a ghost. 你好像是见了鬼似的.
He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.
他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的.
c)过去进行时,表示动作正在进行：
He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.
He ran as if ghosts were chasing him.
I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动.
d)过去将来时,表示将要发生的事态：
It looked as if it was going to snow. （高一册,第127页）
He opened his lips as if he would say something to you.
2. 如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况时真实的或很可能时真实的,则动词可以用陈述语气,在feel, look, seem
smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此.试比较：F. T. Wood所著EnglishColloquial
Idioms中的两个例子：
He walks as if he is drunk.
He walks as if he were drunk.
第一句表示“他已经醉了”,第2句则表示“他没有醉”.又如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It looks as if were going to rain.
第一例意味着快要下雨了,第二例则意味着不会下雨.再看其她例子：
There’s Hob, talking to the ticket-collector. It looks as if he
hasn’t got a platform ticket. 那不,霍布正在同检票员说话,看样子还没弄到站台票.
You look as if you’ve been running. 你好像刚跑了一阵似的.
You look as if you know each other.
He looks as if he’s tired.
It looks/seems as if you’re right.
You have acted as if you like me.
It smells as if it is fresh. 闻起来很新鲜.
3. 随着语言的发展,as if
后面的从句即使反映的不是事实,也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气,这主要出现在口语或不太正式的文体中.例如：
With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has
suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.
随着这些新工具的发展,人好像突然间成为精神上的百万富翁似的.
Teen-agers may talk as if they know it all, but statistics tell a
different story.
The “historical present” is sometimes used in narrative when we want
to describe events vividly as if they are happening in our presence.
4. 在非正式文体（尤其是美国英语）中,可以用like做连词代替as if 和as though.例如：
It looks like it’s going to rain today.
She looks like she’ll win the race.
I love that boy like he was my son.
He looked like he needed someone to talk to, so we lent him an ear.
He sat there smiling like it was his birthday.
She started kissing me like we were on our honeymoon.
她开始吻我,好像是在度蜜月似的.
5. as if和as though从句中的省略
当as if和as though从句的主语与主句一致时,该主语和后面的动词可以省略.于是便出现下面几种结构：
1) as if +不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.
The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly
over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its own
reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飞行速度,转了几圈儿,然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过,似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影.
2) 不定式+形容词或形容词短语
Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了.
He lay still for a long while, as if dead.
3) as if +介词短语
He looked about as if (he was) in search of something.
4) as if +现在分词
From time to time Jason turned round as though (he was) searching
for someone.
John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 约翰停下来,似乎是等玛丽开口.
Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down,
as though assessing the damage.
然而,那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀,仿佛在估量着所受的损害.
5) as if +名词
He acts as if (he was) a fool.
6) as if +副词
He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话.
6. 对as if-从句认识上的一个误区
对于as if 的用法,一些人的认识上存在着一个误区,即把as
if从句中动词的形式与主句的时态相联系.如1993年第10期《英语自学》中《浅谈由as if (as
though)和wish引出的虚拟语气就明确指出：“在由as if (as
though)引出的表示虚拟语气的方式状语从句中,如果主句的谓语是一般时,那么其从句的谓语一般应该用动词的过去式
(be用were)；反之,如果主句的谓语用一般过去时,那么从句谓语一般用“had
+过去分词”.这种认为从句动词形式受主句时态制约的观点是不符合语言实际的.实际上,as if和 as
though后谓语动词的形式与主句时态无关.
He looks as if he were ill.
He looked as if he were ill.
He looks as if he had been ill.
He looked as if he had been ill.
我们在前面也有过类似的例句.下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时的例句：
A: We’ve been back at work now for three days. 我们回来上课到现在已三天了
B: I feel as if I had been back for three months. 我感到似乎已回来三个月了.
（比较：I have been back for three months.）
6. as if和as though的功能
1) 引导方式状语从句
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
2) 引导表语从句
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy
tales and had passed me like a spirit. (高二册,第92页)
3) 引导感叹句,表示对某种建议、假定、想象等的反对：
As if I cared! 好像我很在乎似的!（相当于：I don’t care!）
As if anyone would believe that story! 好像人人都会相信那种说法似的!
He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.
As if I ever should! 他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往,好像我真会那样做似的!
as if, as though的用法：
这两个复合从属连词的用法和意义完全一样,但as if 在当代英语中比 as though 普通得多.
1）as if 引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用直陈语气.名子的谓语我为look, seem,taste, smell, sound等.如：
It looks as if they have succeeded in the experiment. 看来好像他们试验成功了.
2) as if 引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气.从句中谓语动词一般用过去时,be 动词常用 were,但在现代英语中也常见到单数 was的情况.如：
The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl. 这位满头长发的男青年看上去像个女的.
The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.这位受伤的男子表现得好像没发生什么事一样.
3）as if 引出的方式状语从句,当主句谓语是过去时态时,从句谓语形式常常没有什么特殊之处.如：
The lady felt as if she lost something. 这位女士好像学得丢了什么东西.
He was singing as though / if he hadn't had / didn't have a care in theworld.他唱着歌,好像人世间他没有忧虑.
4）as if 引导的同一从句中所用的时态不同,意思往往不同.请比较：
* The clown looks as if he were ill.那个小丑好像害病似的.（虚拟语气）
* The clown looked as if he had been ill.那个小丑过去好像生过病.（过去生过病或虚拟语气）
as if 是连词词组,意为“好像、好似”,相当于 as though, 一般用于句型 It looks / seemsas if …中,其意思是“看起来好像……”.其中 it 为形式主语,没有实际意义. looks / seems 是连系动词, as if 引导的是表语从句.如果所引导的从句所表示的情况接近事实,句子要用陈述语气.例如：
1. It looks as if it hasn't been washed following the instructions.
看来,它（这件衬衫）好像没有被按照说明进行洗涤.
2. It seemed as if the bag had been pressed by something heavy.
看来这个包被什么重东西压过.
3. It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure.
这套西服看上去是按他的尺寸订做的.
除此之外, as if 也可以引导方式状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语,此时从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气.例如：
1. He acts （ acted ） as if （ though ） he were anexpert.
他的做法就像是个专家.
2. They talked （ are talking ） as if （ though ） they had beenfriends for years.
他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友.
3. The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.
这个妇女很爱这些孩子,就好像是他们的妈妈一样.
as if
好像, 似乎, 仿佛
1. 好像, 似乎, 仿佛
Why doesn't she buy me a drink?It isn't as if she had no money!
她为什么不给我买一点饮料?好像她没钱似的!
1. She treats him as if he were the fount of all knowledge .
她把他当成无所不晓.
2. He sauntered by, looking as if he had all the time in the world.
他悠闲地走过,仿佛时间对他来说是无穷无尽的.
3. I can remember our wedding as if it were yesterday.
我们的婚礼我记忆犹新,就像昨天一样.
4. It looks as if the firm is heading for another record year.
看来今年公司又要创纪录.
5. I made a fierce countenance as if I would eat him alive.
我脸色恶狠狠地,仿佛要把他活生生地吞下去.
6. She made a grand toilet as if for a ball.
她盛装打扮好像要去参加舞会似的.
7. She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.
她似乎又回到了她的童年时代.
8. I could hear knocking, as if someone wanted out.
我听到敲门声,好像有人想要出去.
9. He scatters money about as if he were rich.
他四处挥霍,好像很有钱.
10. The animals grew restless as if in anticipation of an earthquake.
各种动物都变得焦躁不安,像是感到了地震即将发生.
It looks as if there will be a strike.
看来将有一场罢工运动.
12. I felt frisky,as if I might break into a dance.
我感到很欢快,似乎要跳起舞来.
13. It'seems as if you are the first one here.
看起来你是第一个来这儿的.
14. We must try to carry on as if nothing had happened.
我们必须继续下去,只当作什么都没有发生过.
15. I can remember it as if it were yesterday.
我对此事记忆犹新,恍如昨日一样.
16. It looks as if we were going to have fine weather.
天好像要放晴了.
17. He continued with his reading as if nothing important had happened.
他若无其事地又继续看他的书.
18. I found myself staring at her as if she were a phantom.
我发现自己瞪大眼睛看着她,好像她是一个幽灵.
19. He made as if he had not seen me.
他装作没有看见我的样子.
20. This box looks as if it's been run over by a bus.
这个箱子好像被公共汽车撞翻过似的.
Holding his head high, he walked past the pole and the soldiers as ifthey didn’t exist.
as if 与as though 是一组同义词,两者意思相同,用法也相同,只是在口语中人们多半会用as if, 取其简短.
as if和as though 用法较为复杂,本文拟对其各种用法做一概述.
1．在通常情况下, as if 和as though 所引导的从句的谓语动词多用虚拟语气,表示所叙述的情况与事实相反.具体用法如下：
1)谈论现在情形的,用过去时（动词be用were,也可用was）：
Why is she looking at me as though she knew me? 他为什么那样看我?像是认识我似的.
He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的样子好像他拥有这个房子.
He treats me as if /as though I were a stranger.
He speaks as if he were an Englishman.
It’s not as though he was /were poor.
2)谈论过去情形的动词形式有以下几种：
a)过去式,表示过去的状态,如：
He looked at me as if I were mad. 他那样看我,好像我是个疯子.
He stood there looking at the train and laughing, as if to miss a
train was the best joke in the world.
他站在那里,望着火车哈哈大笑,好像误了火车是天底下最开心的事儿似的.
Mr. Coleman always talked as if he knew everything.
但是,如果状态动词带有持续时间状语,则用过去完成时：
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
(试比较：They had been friends for years.)
Now it is as though she had known Millie for years.
情态动词亦用过去时：
She felt as though she could hardly endure such a life.
她觉得简直无法忍受这样的生活.
b)过去完成时,表示过去的动作先于主句动词而发生或完成,如：
It was as if he had lost his last friend.
“I remember,” she tells her children now, “how wild his white hair
looked——as if it had been electrified.”
必须注意的时,在指过去的动作时,即使主句是现在时,as if 从句中的动词也要用过去完成时：
You look as if you’d seen a ghost. 你好像是见了鬼似的.
He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself.
他讲起罗马的情况来就好像他亲自到过那里似的.
c)过去进行时,表示动作正在进行：
He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing.
He ran as if ghosts were chasing him.
I felt as if the ground were slipping beneath my feet. 我感到大地仿佛在脚下滑动.
d)过去将来时,表示将要发生的事态：
It looked as if it was going to snow. （高一册,第127页）
He opened his lips as if he would say something to you.
2. 如果as if后面的从句所表示的情况时真实的或很可能时真实的,则动词可以用陈述语气,在feel, look, seem
smell, sound, taste之后尤其如此.试比较：F. T. Wood所著EnglishColloquial
Idioms中的两个例子：
He walks as if he is drunk.
He walks as if he were drunk.
第一句表示“他已经醉了”,第2句则表示“他没有醉”.又如：
It looks as if it is going to rain.
It looks as if were going to rain.
第一例意味着快要下雨了,第二例则意味着不会下雨.再看其她例子：
There’s Hob, talking to the ticket-collector. It looks as if he
hasn’t got a platform ticket. 那不,霍布正在同检票员说话,看样子还没弄到站台票.
You look as if you’ve been running. 你好像刚跑了一阵似的.
You look as if you know each other.
He looks as if he’s tired.
It looks/seems as if you’re right.
You have acted as if you like me.
It smells as if it is fresh. 闻起来很新鲜.
3. 随着语言的发展,as if
后面的从句即使反映的不是事实,也可以不用虚拟语气而用陈述语气,这主要出现在口语或不太正式的文体中.例如：
With the development of these new tools, it is as if man has
suddenly become a millionaire of the mind.
随着这些新工具的发展,人好像突然间成为精神上的百万富翁似的.
Teen-agers may talk as if they know it all, but statistics tell a
different story.
The “historical present” is sometimes used in narrative when we want
to describe events vividly as if they are happening in our presence.
4. 在非正式文体（尤其是美国英语）中,可以用like做连词代替as if 和as though.例如：
It looks like it’s going to rain today.
She looks like she’ll win the race.
I love that boy like he was my son.
He looked like he needed someone to talk to, so we lent him an ear.
He sat there smiling like it was his birthday.
She started kissing me like we were on our honeymoon.
她开始吻我,好像是在度蜜月似的.
5. as if和as though从句中的省略
当as if和as though从句的主语与主句一致时,该主语和后面的动词可以省略.于是便出现下面几种结构：
1) as if +不定式
He opened his lips as if (he were) to make some reply.
The bee checked its forward speed, circled and then drifted slowly
over the mirrorlike surface of the pool as if to admire its own
reflection. 蜜蜂放慢飞行速度,转了几圈儿,然后在清澈如镜的水潭上空慢慢地飘过,似乎要欣赏它自己的倒影.
2) 不定式+形容词或形容词短语
Carrie felt as if unable to endure such a life. 嘉莉觉得似乎无法再忍受这种生活了.
He lay still for a long while, as if dead.
3) as if +介词短语
He looked about as if (he was) in search of something.
4) as if +现在分词
From time to time Jason turned round as though (he was) searching
for someone.
John paused as if expecting Mary to speak. 约翰停下来,似乎是等玛丽开口.
Nevertheless, the bee kept exercising the wings slowly up and down,
as though assessing the damage.
然而,那只蜜蜂仍然在不停地慢慢上下活动着它地翅膀,仿佛在估量着所受的损害.
5) as if +名词
He acts as if (he was) a fool.
6) as if +副词
He made that remark as if absently. 他好像是漫不经心地说了那句话.
6. 对as if-从句认识上的一个误区
对于as if 的用法,一些人的认识上存在着一个误区,即把as
if从句中动词的形式与主句的时态相联系.如1993年第10期《英语自学》中《浅谈由as if (as
though)和wish引出的虚拟语气就明确指出：“在由as if (as
though)引出的表示虚拟语气的方式状语从句中,如果主句的谓语是一般时,那么其从句的谓语一般应该用动词的过去式
(be用were)；反之,如果主句的谓语用一般过去时,那么从句谓语一般用“had
+过去分词”.这种认为从句动词形式受主句时态制约的观点是不符合语言实际的.实际上,as if和 as
though后谓语动词的形式与主句时态无关.
He looks as if he were ill.
He looked as if he were ill.
He looks as if he had been ill.
He looked as if he had been ill.
我们在前面也有过类似的例句.下面在提供一些主句用现在时而从句仍用过去完成时的例句：
A: We’ve been back at work now for three days. 我们回来上课到现在已三天了
B: I feel as if I had been back for three months. 我感到似乎已回来三个月了.
（比较：I have been back for three months.）
6. as if和as though的功能
1) 引导方式状语从句
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
2) 引导表语从句
He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy
tales and had passed me like a spirit. (高二册,第92页)
3) 引导感叹句,表示对某种建议、假定、想象等的反对：
As if I cared! 好像我很在乎似的!（相当于：I don’t care!）
As if anyone would believe that story! 好像人人都会相信那种说法似的!
He warned me against associating with people of doubtful character.
As if I ever should! 他告诫我不要同可疑的人来往,好像我真会那样做似的!
as if, as though的用法：
这两个复合从属连词的用法和意义完全一样,但as if 在当代英语中比 as though 普通得多.
1）as if 引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时,通常用直陈语气.名子的谓语我为look, seem,taste, smell, sound等.如：
It looks as if they have succeeded in the experiment. 看来好像他们试验成功了.
2) as if 引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气.从句中谓语动词一般用过去时,be 动词常用 were,但在现代英语中也常见到单数 was的情况.如：
The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl. 这位满头长发的男青年看上去像个女的.
The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.这位受伤的男子表现得好像没发生什么事一样.
3）as if 引出的方式状语从句,当主句谓语是过去时态时,从句谓语形式常常没有什么特殊之处.如：
The lady felt as if she lost something. 这位女士好像学得丢了什么东西.
He was singing as though / if he hadn't had / didn't have a care in theworld.他唱着歌,好像人世间他没有忧虑.
4）as if 引导的同一从句中所用的时态不同,意思往往不同.请比较：
* The clown looks as if he were ill.那个小丑好像害病似的.（虚拟语气）
* The clown looked as if he had been ill.那个小丑过去好像生过病.（过去生过病或虚拟语气）
as if 是连词词组,意为“好像、好似”,相当于 as though, 一般用于句型 It looks / seemsas if …中,其意思是“看起来好像……”.其中 it 为形式主语,没有实际意义. looks / seems 是连系动词, as if 引导的是表语从句.如果所引导的从句所表示的情况接近事实,句子要用陈述语气.例如：
1. It looks as if it hasn't been washed following the instructions.
看来,它（这件衬衫）好像没有被按照说明进行洗涤.
2. It seemed as if the bag had been pressed by something heavy.
看来这个包被什么重东西压过.
3. It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure.
这套西服看上去是按他的尺寸订做的.
除此之外, as if 也可以引导方式状语从句,修饰主句中的谓语,此时从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气.例如：
1. He acts （ acted ） as if （ though ） he were anexpert.
他的做法就像是个专家.
2. They talked （ are talking ） as if （ though ） they had beenfriends for years.
他们谈起话来就像多年的老朋友.
3. The woman loves the children as if she were their mother.
这个妇女很爱这些孩子,就好像是他们的妈妈一样.
as if
好像, 似乎, 仿佛
1. 好像, 似乎, 仿佛
Why doesn't she buy me a drink?It isn't as if she had no money!
她为什么不给我买一点饮料?好像她没钱似的!
1. She treats him as if he were the fount of all knowledge .
她把他当成无所不晓.
2. He sauntered by, looking as if he had all the time in the world.
他悠闲地走过,仿佛时间对他来说是无穷无尽的.
3. I can remember our wedding as if it were yesterday.
我们的婚礼我记忆犹新,就像昨天一样.
4. It looks as if the firm is heading for another record year.
看来今年公司又要创纪录.
5. I made a fierce countenance as if I would eat him alive.
我脸色恶狠狠地,仿佛要把他活生生地吞下去.
6. She made a grand toilet as if for a ball.
她盛装打扮好像要去参加舞会似的.
7. She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.
她似乎又回到了她的童年时代.
8. I could hear knocking, as if someone wanted out.
我听到敲门声,好像有人想要出去.
9. He scatters money about as if he were rich.
他四处挥霍,好像很有钱.
10. The animals grew restless as if in anticipation of an earthquake.
各种动物都变得焦躁不安,像是感到了地震即将发生.
It looks as if there will be a strike.
看来将有一场罢工运动.
12. I felt frisky,as if I might break into a dance.
我感到很欢快,似乎要跳起舞来.
13. It'seems as if you are the first one here.
看起来你是第一个来这儿的.
14. We must try to carry on as if nothing had happened.
我们必须继续下去,只当作什么都没有发生过.
15. I can remember it as if it were yesterday.
我对此事记忆犹新,恍如昨日一样.
16. It looks as if we were going to have fine weather.
天好像要放晴了.
17. He continued with his reading as if nothing important had happened.
他若无其事地又继续看他的书.
18. I found myself staring at her as if she were a phantom.
我发现自己瞪大眼睛看着她,好像她是一个幽灵.
19. He made as if he had not seen me.
他装作没有看见我的样子.
20. This box looks as if it's been run over by a bus.
这个箱子好像被公共汽车撞翻过似的.