英语翻译文化是一个内涵丰富、外延宽泛的概念.文化人类学家认为,文化有表层结构、中层结构和深层结构.表层结构指物质文化,反

英语翻译
文化是一个内涵丰富、外延宽泛的概念.文化人类学家认为,文化有表层结构、中层结构和深层结构.表层结构指物质文化,反映人与自然的关系.中层结构包括制度文化,反映人际关系,是指人改造社会的活动方式及其活动成果,包括社会生活中形成的制度、风俗以及相关的理论、规范等.深层结构指心理文化,反映人与其自身的关系,是指改造主观世界的活动及其全部结果,包括价值观念、思维方式、道德情操、宗教信仰、民族性格、审美情趣等.文化具有象征性,体态语言和有声语言一样,是文化中最重要的象征系统.体态语涉及人的行为方式,属于文化的中层结构.人体语言有相当大的部分是后天学得、世代相传的、为某一社会群体内的成员所共有,构成了该群体文化的一部分.从某种意义上说,体态语言丰富了文化的内容体态语与文化有着密切的关系,它属于行为规范体系,受价值观的约束,而价值观是文化的核心.体态语是价值观的具体化和外在化.不同的文化有不同的价值观和行为模式.同一行为方式对某个社会集体成员是可以接受的,而对另一文化中的成员却不能自觉地理解并接受.如日本人抿嘴吃东西才算得体,而印第安人却以张口大嚼为礼貌;中国人同性携手并肩或用手搂肩同行意味着亲密友好,西方人则有可能被怀疑为同性恋;在西方国家,丈夫和妻子可以在街上并肩行走,在阿拉伯国家,妻子不但不能同丈夫同桌就餐,即使在街上行走,也只能跟在丈夫的后面并要保持一段距离;意大利人喜欢用各种手势进行交谈,日本人则一般保持“君子动口不动手”的姿态.跨文化交际表明,体态语在不同的民族文化中既有共同性,又有差异性.
体态语/身势语：body language
1、体态语与文化的关系
在跨文化交际中,要清楚认识体态语与文化之间的关系。文化和绝大多数体态语都是代代相传和后天习得的,都是长期历史和文化积淀而成的某一社会共同的习惯。二者之间的关系具有几个特点:文化与体态语密不可分; 许多体态语都是文化习得的结果; 人们的体态语的形成和效果往往都由一定的文化环境所决定。因而,在跨文化交际中研究体态语与文化之间的关系最为现实的意义是要解决体态语行为的文化冲突问题,即通过了解某一文化的体态语探寻人们的举止度,知晓一种文化的价值体系,排除狭隘的文化优越感。
2、英汉体态语的文化差异
体态语和有声语言一样,也是文化的载体,在跨文化交际中会因文化差异而引起误解。我们进行跨文化体态语行为的研究和教学的目的是帮助对外交往人士和外语学习者在跨文化交际和外语学习中排除体态语行为的文化差异的干扰,因此重点也应当放在文化差异和文化冲突上。
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Is a rich cultural connotations,the extension of broad concept.Cultural anthropologists believe that culture surface structure,the structure of the middle and deep structure.Surface structure refers to material and cultural,reflecting the relationship between man and nature.Middle-level structure of the system,including culture,to reflect human relationships,is one of the activities of the community and its activities achievements,including the formation of social life in the system,customs and related theories,norms.Deep psychological and cultural structure that reflects its own people,is transforming the subjective world and the activities of all the results,including values,and ways of thinking,morality,religion,national character,aesthetic taste,and so on.Cultural symbolic,body language and sound the same language,culture is the most important symbol system.Body language of the act,a culture of middle-level structure.Body language,a significant part of the study is acquired,from generation to generation,as a social group within the membership total,constitutes a part of the culture of the group.In a sense,the body language of the rich culture of the contents of body language and culture are closely related,it belongs to a code of conduct system,the values of restraint,and cultural values are the core.Body Language is the specific values and the external.Different cultures have different values and behaviour patterns.The same conduct of a social group members is acceptable,and the other members of the culture are not consciously understand and accept.If the Japanese Minzui eat to be appropriate,and the Indians have to mouth Taijue for courtesy; Chinese homosexual Together Lou shoulder or hand-peer means that close and friendly,Westerners are likely to be suspected of homosexuality in Western countries ,A husband and wife can walk side by side in the street in the Arab countries,the wife will not be able to dine with her husband Tongzhuo,even in the streets,only with her husband in the back and to maintain some distance; people like to use all kinds of Italy Gesture to chat,the Japanese are generally maintained a "gentleman's mouth is not moving hands" gesture.That cross-cultural communication,body language in different national culture in both common and have differences.
Body Language / body language:body language
1,body language and cultural relations
In cross-cultural communication,have a clear understanding of body language and the relationship between culture.The vast majority of body language and culture are acquired from generation to generation and acquisition,are long-term historical and cultural accumulation from the habits of a particular community.The relationship between them has several characteristics:Body Language and culture are inseparable; many cultural body language acquisition are the result of people's body language and the formation of certain effects are often determined by the cultural environment.Thus,in cross-cultural communication in the body language and culture study of the relationship between the most realistic significance is to address the body language of cultural conflict,that is,through a culture of understanding of body language to explore people's behavior,a kind of cultural knowledge The value system,rule out the narrow cultural superiority.
2,the body language of English and Chinese cultural differences
Body Language and spoken language,is also the carrier of culture,in cross-cultural communication because of cultural differences and lead to misunderstanding.We conducted cross-cultural body language of research and teaching aims to help foreign exchanges and foreign language learners in cross-cultural communication and foreign language learning body language to exclude acts of interference and cultural differences,the focus should be on cultural differences and cultural Conflict.