英语翻译Quality of Fresh meat packaged in modified atmospheredep

英语翻译
Quality of Fresh meat packaged in modified atmosphere
depends largely on the initial bacterial load
(Christopher,Seideman,Carpenter,Smith,& Vanderzant,
1979).Therefore,various decontamination procedures
are being applied in the industries.Organic acid
treatment is one of them.Organic acids depending upon
their chemical nature vary in their antibacterial properties,
while the acceptability of the product also influences
on the selection of the acids (Doores,1993;
Brody,2000).Lactic acid which does not have undesirable
odor forming effect even at 5% level application in lamb carcass (Smulders,1987),is one of the widely
used acid decontaminants in meat industry.
The use of lactic acid to decontaminate for the carcass
in the earlier period (1–2 days after slaughter) is better
than in the later period (more than 2 days after
slaughter) because the effect of lactic acid on the color
might not be severe at early higher pH and also the
bacterial load which needs to be lowered would also
be lower (Firstenberg-Eden,1981).The initial microflora
would not get chance to multiply if it is treated earlier,
and also the organisms are more resistant to organic
acid when the time gap between acid treatment and
slaughter is increased (Snijders,Van logtestijn,Mossel,
& Smulders,1985).And also the bacterial number and
its maturity are lower in the beginning (Baird-Parker,
1980).On the other hand,the sufficient post mortem storage of the meat (24 h or more) and then application of
lactic acid could cause severe drop in pH which
eventually imparts adverse effect on the color stability
of the meat.Sufficient literatures are not available to forecast
accurately about the effectiveness of applying lactic
acid earlier or at later time,but it is frequently stated that
the early application of the lactic acid is more effective
than the later treatment (Smulders,1987; Bell,2001).
It has been reported that the effect of lactic acid in the
reduction of some pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella
(Van Netten,Mossel,& Huis In\1t Veld,1995) and
Campylobacter spp.(Epling,Carpenter,& Blankenship,
1993).It has potential to reduce the microbial load to
some extent (Beimuller,Carpenter,& Reynolds,1973).
It has been tested for the fresh beef.However,the use
of lactic acid decontamination of the fresh pork chops
(individual cuts) has not been carried out yet,especially
the meat without allowing 24 h postmortem storage.It is
expected that the acid treatment can improve the microbial
safety and reduce the spoilage organisms leading to
enhanced shelf life in modified atmosphere.
Therefore,the objective of this work is to find the
appropriate concentration of lactic acid for decontamination
pretreatment of the fresh pork cuts packed in
the modified atmosphere and to observe the effect on
color and lipid oxidation.

Quality of Fresh meat packaged in modified atmosphere depends largely on the initial bacterial load (Christopher,Seideman,Carpenter,Smith,& Vanderzant,1979).Therefore,various decontamination procedures are being applied in the industries.Organic acid treatment is one of them.Organic acids depending upon their chemical nature vary in their antibacterial properties,while the acceptability of the product also influences on the selection of the acids (Doores,1993; Brody,2000).Lactic acid which does not have undesirable odor forming effect even at 5% level application in lamb carcass (Smulders,1987),is one of the widely used acid decontaminants in meat industry.
在改良环境中包装起来的鲜肉质量主要取决于初期的细菌的载量(克里斯多佛Christopher,赛德曼Seideman,卡彭特 Carpenter,史密斯Smith,和 范德扎特Vanderzant,1979).因此,企业中正使用多种各种净化程序.不用化学物质和处理是其中之一.依赖其化学本性的有机酸在其抗菌特性方面有差异,而产品的接受能力也会对酸的选择有影响(道尔思Doores,1993；布鲁迪Brody,2000).在羊的宰杀中,形成5%的稳定敷用结果的没有令人不快气味的乳酸 (斯穆尔德尔斯Smulders,1987)是一种肉类加工业中广泛使用净化剂.
The use of lactic acid to decontaminate for the carcass in the earlier period (1–2 days after slaughter) is better than in the later period (more than 2 days after slaughter) because the effect of lactic acid on the color might not be severe at early higher pH and also the bacterial load which needs to be lowered would also be lower (Firstenberg-Eden,1981).The initial microflora would not get chance to multiply if it is treated earlier,and also the organisms are more resistant to organic acid when the time gap between acid treatment and slaughter is increased (Snijders,Van logtestijn,Mossel,& Smulders,1985).And also the bacterial number and its maturity are lower in the beginning (Baird-Parker,1980).
因为乳酸外观上的效果在较高的pH值方面不会严重,而且需要降低的细菌载量也是较低的,所以为达到屠体早期净化目的而使用乳酸(屠宰后1–2 天)比后期(屠宰后2 天以上)使用更为有效(佛斯特伯格-伊扽Firstenberg-Eden,1981).如果初期的微生物丛在早期处理就不会有机会繁殖,而且在酸处理和宰杀之间的时间差增加时生物体会更好地抵抗有机酸(Snijders,Van logtestijn,Mossel,& Smulders,1985).同时细菌数量和完全发育在开始时也是较低的.
On the other hand,the sufficient post mortem storage of the meat (24 h or more) and then application of lactic acid could cause severe drop in pH which eventually imparts adverse effect on the color stability of the meat.Sufficient literatures are not available to forecast accurately about the effectiveness of applying lactic acid earlier or at later time,but it is frequently stated that the early application of the lactic acid is more effective than the later treatment (Smulders,1987; Bell,2001).It has been reported that the effect of lactic acid in the reduction of some pathogenic organisms such as Salmonella (Van Netten,Mossel,& Huis In t Veld,1995) and Campylobacter spp.(Epling,Carpenter,& Blankenship,1993).It has potential to reduce the microbial load to some extent (Beimuller,Carpenter,& Reynolds,1973).
另一方面,充分的滞后的肉类储量(24 小时或更多)和乳酸的敷用会致使最终影响肉的颜色稳定效果的pH值的剧烈降低.没有足够的文献资料提供精确预测早期使用乳酸的功效,但是常可以说明早使用比晚处理有效(斯穆尔德尔斯,1987; 贝尔,2001).据报道在减少诸如沙门氏菌(范•内顿Van Netten,莫斯尔Mossel和惠思•In t•维尔德 Huis Veld,1995)和空肠弯曲杆菌 (易普灵Epling,卡彭特Carpenter和布兰肯西普 Blankenship,1993)等一些致病的有机体方面的乳酸作用…（原文后面缺少谓语部分）.某种程度上减少细菌引起的负载是可能的(贝穆勒Beimuller,卡帕特 Carpenter和来诺尔兹 Reynolds,1973).
It has been tested for the fresh beef.However,the use of lactic acid decontamination of the fresh pork chops (individual cuts) has not been carried out yet,especially the meat without allowing 24 h postmortem storage.It is expected that the acid treatment can improve the microbial safety and reduce the spoilage organisms leading to enhanced shelf life in modified atmosphere.
鲜牛肉已经做过测试,然而,新鲜猪排骨（个别切片）的乳酸净化的使用还未曾执行过,特别是没有进行过24小时宰杀后检查储藏的肉.酸处理在改进环境中改进微生物安全和减少变质腐败肌体是有希望的.
Therefore,the objective of this work is to find the appropriate concentration of lactic acid for decontamination pretreatment of the fresh pork cuts packed in the modified atmosphere and to observe the effect on color and lipid oxidation.
因此,本项工作的目的是找到对新鲜猪排骨切块净化预处理乳酸的合适浓度并观察影响到颜色和脂质氧化的效果.