英语翻译Concrete is a composite construction material composed p

英语翻译
Concrete is a composite construction material composed primarily of aggregate,cement and water.There are many formulations that have varied properties.The aggregate is generally a coarse gravel or crushed rocks such as limestone,or granite,along with a fine aggregate such as sand.The cement,commonly Portland cement,and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement,serve as a binder for the aggregate.Various chemical admixtures are also added to achieve varied properties.Water is then mixed with this dry composite which enables it to be shaped (typically poured) and then solidified and hardened into rock-hard strength through a chemical process known as hydration.The water reacts with the cement which bonds the other components together,eventually creating a robust stone-like material.Concrete has relatively high compressive strength,but much lower tensile strength.For this reason is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel).Concrete can be damaged by many processes,such as the freezing of trapped water.
Concrete is widely used for making architectural structures,foundations,brick/block walls,pavements,bridges/overpasses,motorways/roads,runways,parking structures,dams,pools/reservoirs,pipes,footings for gates,fences and poles and even boats.Famous concrete structures include the Burj Khalifa (world's tallest building),the Hoover Dam,the Panama Canal and the Roman Pantheon.
Concrete technology was known by the Ancient Romans and was widely used within the Roman Empire.After the Empire passed,use of concrete became scarce until the technology was re-pioneered in the mid-18th century.
The environmental impact of concrete is a complex mixture of not entirely negative effects; while concrete is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions,recycling of concrete is increasingly common in structures that have reached the end of their life.Structures made of concrete can have a long service life.As concrete has a high thermal mass and very low permeability,it can make for energy efficient housing.

混凝土是一种混合型的建筑材料,主要是由集料,水泥和水组成.许多不同的组成成分,会形成不同的房屋性质.集料一般指的是粗沙,粉碎的岩石,比如石灰岩,或者和较好的一种集料,沙子混合的花岗岩.水泥,通常都是波特兰水泥.其他类似水泥的材料有粉煤灰和矿渣水泥,它们起到粘合集料的作用.不同的化学混合物也被会加进去,形成不同的房屋性质.
水掺到这些干的混合物中,使得它们可以成型,使得其变硬,然后通过一种化学过程（水合作用）使得它们变成坚硬如石的材料.水与水泥结合可使其他部件贴合在一起,最终构成一种像岩石一样坚固的材料.混凝土有极强压缩力,但是它的抗张强度非常低.由于这个原因, 它通常要和相对抗张强度较高的钢筋一起结合使用.混凝土可以通过很多手段使其被破坏,比如水滴结冰都能损坏它.
混凝土被广泛运用,在工程建筑,打地基,砌墙,铺路,建桥、立交桥、高架、高速公路、停车场、水坝、水池、水库、渠道、筑门、立围栏、树杆子,甚至是造船中都被用到.著名的混凝土建筑有,包括迪拜塔（世界第一高楼）,胡佛水坝,巴拿马运河和罗马诸神殿.
混凝土技术被古罗马人了解并在罗马帝国广泛运用.帝国毁灭后,混凝土技术很少被运用,直到18世纪中期才得以重生.
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