英语翻译The meaning of statistics\x05The word statistics has two

英语翻译
The meaning of statistics
\x05The word statistics has two meanings：
\x05（1）In the plural sense it means collections of numerical facts and is widely used when reference is made to facts and figures on such things as population,crime and education.Statisticians call the figures which have been collected data.
\x05（2）In the singular sense it means the science（or art）of dealing with statistical data.The collection,analysis and interpretation of data is called statistical method,and it is with this sense of the word that we are mainly concerned in this book.
\x05There are two subdivisions of statistical method：
\x05（1）Descriptive statistics This deals with the compilation and presentation of data in various forms such as tables,graphs and diagrams.The purpose of descriptive statistics to display and pass on information from which conclusions can be drawn and decisions made.Businesses,for example,use descriptive statistics when presenting their annual accounts and reports,and the Government is a particularly prolific provider of descriptive statistics.
\x05In sum descriptive statistics is the branch of statistics that involves the organization,summarization,and display of data.
\x05（2）Mathematical or inductive statistics This deals with the tolls of statistics,the techniques that are used to analyze the data and to make estimates or draw conclusions from the data.
\x05In fact,inductive statistics is inferential statistics,is the branch of statistics that involves using a sample to draw conclusions about a population.A basic tool in the study of inferential statistics is probability.

统计学的涵义
统计学(statistics)这个词有两种含义：
（1）在广义上,它指的是对具有数字特征(指标)的事件的收集,并广泛应用于涉及到一些诸如人口、犯罪与教育等等的事件与数字.统计学家将这些收集到的数字称为“数据”.
（2）狭义上,它指的是处理统计数据的科学(或技艺).对数据的收集、分析与整理,我们称之为“统计方法”.本书中所讨论的统计一词,主要是指这一层涵义.
统计方法分为两种：
（1）描述统计
这种方法主要是对不同形式的数据的编辑与呈现,如表格、曲线,或图形等.描述统计的目的在于呈现和传递信息,从而通过这些信息可以得出一些结论,做出一些决策.譬如,在商业中,年度报表和年度报告就使用了描述统计的方法；Zheng府也尤其丰富地使用到大量描述统计.
总之,这种方法是统计学的一个分支,其中涉及对数据的整理、总结,与呈现.
（2）数理统计或归纳统计
这种方法运用统计学方法,分析数据并从中做出预测或结论.
事实上,归纳统计也是演绎统计学,同属于统计学的分支学科,涉及使用样本来推测关于总体的结论.在这门研究中,基本的(统计学)方法就是概率论.
注：在最后一条(2)的第一句话,有个词tolls应为tools
再问： 我查了一下书、那个单词确实是tolls，没有写错、不过还是很感谢。。。
再答： 我觉得书的印刷应该是有纰漏的，因为这个词后面紧接着一个同位语从句，说the techniques that ....很明显不可能是tolls(绝对不是“费用”的意思)，而tools恰好符合这个意思。toll这个词不管做什么解 都是没有道理出现在这里的。而且最后一句话又一次提到了 the basic tool . 不过一个词倒也影响不到什么啦 顺便，我也是学统计的，呵呵 tools of statistics 可以翻成统计方法，统计工具，都可以，都是一个意思。