英文介绍伊斯兰教 天房等

英文介绍伊斯兰教 天房等

Islamism
The Islamism is a world religion of a , Christianity and be called the three greatest religions in the world.China is old to call the big food method, big the food teaches the degree, a square how to teach, Islam, return to Islam, Islam...etc..The ( one Islam of a1) fastens the Arabian speech to translate, original intention for" obey"," peace", point to obey and believe in the cosmos only an of tallest dominate Allah and its wills, in order to get the peace of two a life times with quiet and peaceful.The person who believes in the Islamism knows together as" the wood.( Muslim, mean" obey")Rise at the beginning of 7 centuries in Arabian Peninsula, from the Mecca person's Mohammed( about 570-632) create to spread.The main dissemination is in Asia, Africa, with the west is second, north not, Central Asia, south second time big six and Southeast Asia most for spread widely.Since 20 centuries, the dissemination and the development in different from some regions of South America also have degree in Western Europe, North America.It since have create up to the present for more than 1300 years, it was a kind of religion and faith, the consciousness appearance and a kind of cultural systems, streaming into the world-wide locations, with the influence that the local traditional culture affects the different from fusion, under the condition of different history, all took place to the social development, political structure, economic appearance, cultural vogue, ethics morals, life style...etc.s of many nations and race degree mutually.According to the covariance, the whole world 92,102,700,000,000 LIN2 YOU3 , the population of world that shares the same period amounts 18.54% of 488,204,200,000,000 people.In second not more than 40 nation, the LIN2 ZHAN4's majority of the national and total population.In more than 30 nations, the Islamism was settle to teach for the country.Develop in international political live at contemporary, the nation and Lin's people of more important function of benefit.
Old call" Islam"," return to Islam"," Islam"," a square teach"...etc. in the our country, is at the beginning of seven centuries Arabian Peninsula the Mecca person's Mohammed establish of henotheism, teach with , the Christianity is juxtaposed for the three greatest religions in the world.The seventh centry A.D. goes to 17 centuries, under the name of the , have ever built up MA3 YA3 , to pull out the empire that the , India lay the son, Turkey etc. a series of and various feudalism king toward.Through the history vicissitudes of life of more than 1,000 years, these prosperous very a fit of feudalism king toward all have already become the history vestiges.But be" the " of the religion of the world but did not wither always.At first, it is a religion of race, being the spirit headspring of a feudalism empire immediately after, subsequent be again a kind of religion, the power of the culture and politics, the way that a kind of people life, develop constantly within the scope of world, is to go to become the world nowadays of three big religion of a.
Today, under the flag, have already come together 700,000,000 wood of .Though they distribute in world-wide locations, nationality, the race, skin color is similar to language is each not, wear that ancient true meaning together and carefully obey, namely cosmos only have 1 to dominate-" Allah", and adhere to each from of comprehension, follow 《 ancient through 》 of doctrine.
The Islamism establish soon, streamed into the our country.According to 《 book of Fujian province 》 jot down,"( Mohammed) have the disciple big and wise four people, Tang 武 is virtuous to win to come to dynasty, hence preach China.A wise preach Guangzhou, two wise preach the state of , three wise, four wise preach the spring state." The prophet Mohammed has ever said:" Knowledge, although far in China, also be to beg it." His words encouraged the large LIN2 QIU2 ZHI 's wishes.Since seventh centry A.D., Arabian wood of along the flood and field transportation line arrives China, carrying on the trade or taking a trip, spreading the Islamism.
Create the history
The Islamism is Arabian Peninsula the social economy, politics and religion the development turn into of inevitable outcome.The end of 6 centuries goes to the beginning of 7 centuries, Arabian Peninsula just be placed in big change period of the original clan tribe disintegration, the rank society formation.Peninsula because of the difference of the natural environment, society economy, political development pole unbalance.Residents mainly are to take nomad's way of life as shells that living to all reside because of person, pursue the grass of water, be divided into many clan tribes, each clan tribe is each according to one square, each other usually for fight the ranch, headwaters, land but occurrence war, the blood kin revenge widely accepted.For successive years the war make society turbulent, producing the stagnation, the internal rank of clan divides to turn worse, the tribe nobility emerge with the tide of the times, they occupy a great deal of oasis and lawns, own many slaves and animal, but the large quantity nomad's way of life people be on the brink of the bankruptcy.The peninsula follows the rare of the Red Sea coast( ambition of ) region, is important business main route of the east, western trade from thou.Locate at the Mecca in a south north transportation center, because of being benefit by the transit trade to develop into the prosperous business town.The Mecca business nobility of the ancient tribe of administers the big power of many centers of absolute being adoration gram management of the white sanctuary, offering sacrifices to the temple fair to gather from the gram white in the city trade annually, seeking a huge sum of income, the broke the business trade of the Mecca.The business in the town nobility together the nobility of the migratory tribe, pass to conduct company's brigade, sell the slave and lend money at high interest etc. means, reap staggering profits, herd the people to carry on the usury dish's shell to the town destitute and agriculture, the huckster is bankrupt in the large quantity, becoming the debtor of the business nobility, resulting in the rank opposition turn worse, the social economic crisis rise everywhere.
Invade foreignly and the change of traditional company's way, turned worse the economic crisis and social antinomies of the peninsula.Do obeisance to share the and Persia two greatest empire, in order to fight and control Arabian company's way, the fifty-fifty island carries on the depredation war of the sub- long-term.525 years, the Ethiopian person sends the soldier to seize Yemen while do obeisance the support of share the .The Ethiopia of 570 years halts the second cloth of governor of province of Yemen to pull the rate the soldier enters to make the Mecca;The on the way draw back troops because encounter the epidemic, but fight the social activities that the confusion broke the region.575 years, send army Persia gradually walk Ethiopian person, established the governance in Yemen.Multifarious war and depredation, make south social economy in Arabia was break by severity, the land lie waste, irrigate engineering drive ruin, the road drown, company trip not ex-, the population down sharply, making rich and populous region of Yemen quick comedown.At the same time, Persia break the thing for the sake of the square trade, abolish the reason Yemen through the peninsula western region the Red Sea shore company road arrive Syria, another open up a was arrive by Persian gulf and two river areas Mediterranean of company road.The change of the company road, result in south and western region economic decline of peninsula, Mecca, Medina etc. the transit trade nasty play of the town, the business nobility income down, many shells that is make a living by company's brigade are all to rupture because of the person and the city residents' way out, thus deepenning the social crisis.
The Islamism is before rise, the Arab on the peninsula mainly believed in the originality religion, believed that the creation worked properly to is deathless with soul, widely accepted to the great universe, move the plant, ancestry, spirit and idolatry etc. many absolute being faith.Among them pull especially( namely Apollo), black firm( namely all-powerful absolute being) be subjected to worship with those( namely the destiny absolute being) three greatest fairies of particularly.The gram white sanctuary oblation of the Mecca city center contain one idol of each clan of more than 360s tribe absolute being, offering sacrifices to, pray, dedicating the toward it.Judaism and Christianities that believe in one absolute being stream into the peninsula already, popular in region and some towns and the agriculture areas of Yemen, its one absolute being idea, classic, legend, etiquette and custom shows the influence of to the Islamism.Because of the Judaism and Christianities unwell should demand of Arabian and social change, can not get the extensive dissemination.Under the influence that Arabian society change and henotheism idea, Arab from many absolute being believe in believe in the transition toward henotheism, produce an absolute being the man parties of the tendency.They admit only one absolute being, the objection idolatry, believe life an an an an an an an an an an an an a day, bring to life, punishment and retribution, pay attention to personal live as recluse to fix the , live the abstinent life.The man of thinks the pioneer who like to be the Islamism thought and wins to lie.
The social crisis that Arabia increasingly turn worse, the foreign tribe invades continuously, promote Arabian race feel come to, social each ranks are all at look for the exit.Arabian nobility for support it rule, hoping to break the clan barracks, robbing the new land and re- controling company's way;The large bottom layer people and slaves have peaceful and quiet and peaceful request, hoping earnestly to get away from the economy to exploit to oppress with political, improving own poor position.The rise of the Islamism, exactly and Arabian Peninsula each tribe requests to change the social economic condition and carries out the political ten of wishes care to know the reflection on the appearance.The Mohammed adjusted the demand of the history development exactly, creating to spread the son Islamism, under the flag of the religious revolution, led the social change sport of Arabia, unify Arabian Peninsula.
The create of Islamism spreads person's Mohammed is a great but outstanding history person.Was born in the rare household of of the Mecca city ancient tribe .Since childhood the parents both die, bringing up from the grandfather and uncle.The early years drops out of school to put to pasture for the person, the hour of 12 years old follows behind the uncle and company's brigade, once going to Syria, once Palestine and east coast of Mediterranean take to go into business, and extensive contact and witness Arabian Peninsula and Syria the social condition of the region, understand the peninsula originality religion, the circumstance of the Judaism, Christianity, preached the activity to provide a great deal of social knowledge and religious materials afterwards for him.Hour of 25 years old he gets married with the employer Mecca rich widow , after getting married living wealthy stability, the social status raises increasingly.Empress he is subjected to the influence that the man of sends the thought, usually living as recluse the to fix, deliberation and investigate the exit that the Arabian race gets away from the predicament.It is rumored, a day of the hour of 610 years Mohammed 40 years old, the cave that is him to hope to pull the mountain in the Mecca city suburb fixs the contemplation, the Allah parties angel benefit inform" accept order for the saint" that" apocalypse" make toward him.Henceforth, he enounces to accept true" mission" that lord give, then started last the dissemination is for 23 years the Mohammedan activity.The inception is the secret in the Mecca to preach, some closes relative close friends become the earliest Augustinian.612 years, the Mohammed turns into public to Mecca the general crowd preach.The Mohammed warns the people to give up many absolute being faith and idolatries in the of the earlier period teach, enouncing that Allah is the creator of the creation of the cosmos, dominating uniquely, requesting the people to believe in the one and only of Allah;Rebuke many absolute being believes in the depravity of the fatuity and the society morals that brings for Arab, the one who preach idea of the judgment day judgment and clay-cold resurrection, warn the polytheism such as not return the agreeable Allah, will at judgment day judge encounter the punishment, fall into the fire jail, return agreeable Allah will get the award for merit in the future generations, entering park an an an an an an an an an an an an a day.He still puts forward any wood of not to divide the clan tribe, all is a brothers, should unite, the cancellation blood kin revenge, and put forward forbiding the usury dish to shell, acting charitably to give to give relief to the poor weak few kind and genial treat, release the slave etc. assertion of a series of and social reform, be subjected to the large bottom layer the advocacy of the crowd, many persons return to believe the Islamism in succession.Because of the position that the righteousness falters the much more traditional absolute being of tribe to believe in by the root that Mohammed preach, violated the Mecca ancient nobility of and merchant princes to take charge of the religious privilege and economic benefitses of the gram white, as a result encounter their oppose strongly and persecute, make Mohammed and the wood of hard to have a foothold in the Mecca.
622 years September, Mohammed together a of the dint the wood change residence Medina, symbolize the Islamism into the new history development stage.Mohammed leadership the the wood carried on politics, economy, religion etc. a series reform.First the Mohammed unifies with the Islamism conduct and actions and corporate thought flag, the call wood" obey Allah and emissaries", and send to go out the pupil to Medina each Arabian tribe to preach, the local great majority residents very quickly returned to believe the Islamism.He draws up to be the wood of and Jew in handle internal civil case and foreign relationses common observance of 《 Medina charter 》 , in the freedom of belief and the foundation for form alliance up reach some agreement with each tribe of Jew, practice the peaceful coexistence.After carrying out to unify Medina, believe in to replace the tribe blood relationship relation together with the Islamism, build up with" black "( mean" race"," nation") for form of the political power that teaches to unite as one, the Mohammed become Medina religious, politics, military and tallest leader of the judicatory. Cloth · gram , Europe , the and a pupil of saint of parts of of constitute the upper level leadership group.Under the call of" any wood of all brothers", will move the private and assist the surroundings that the private solidify in the black .Mohammed with the name that Allah" apocalypse", completed the establish of the Islamism righteousness system and various systems.He established completely with believe in only one Allah for the five greatest faiths outline of the core;Rule must the wood of implement of five life homeworks and instrument are then;Drew up to include the law system of the religious religious rules, civil case, pertaining to crime, company's matter, military...etc.;Make sure with bad well is a series of behavior norm and social morals standards of the core.For make stronger Medina political power, the Mohammed organized the wood of armed.Under the call of" for the way of the Allah but fight", between 624-627 years, he leads the wood of armed carried on three war services of the war of the war, WU2 HOU2 DE2 and the war of the trench etc. of the white and virtuous of the of with the Mecca nobility, fight the drive of the Mecca nobility, from now on, the wood ofis turned into the strategy by the defense to take the offensive.628 years, the Mohammed take the of the dynasty as from, the rate soldier goes to the Mecca suburb, compelled compromise of the Mecca nobility, sign with Mohammed 《 the generation of compares the second peace treaty 》 , decide the both parties to cease fire 10 years.The Mohammed makes use of the truce opportune moment, going abroad as ambassador the stanza toward thousand some Arabian tribe partieses of the neighboring country and peninsula, taking the letter of credence, publicizeeing the Islamism toward the its king and the tribe leader, affecting with the extension, sending to bear arms to send punitive expedition the sea at the same time etc. a Jew that gathers to reside, to sweep away the counterforce to harass.
630 years, Mohammed with the Mecca nobility disobey agreement is from, lead wood's battalion of of more than 10,000 persons, close in the Mecca city next, with the cloth Su · enriches the Mecca nobility of the leader of compelled please decline, accept the Islamism, and admit the prophet position of the Mohammed, the Mecca whole city the residents declare to return to believe the Islamism.After entering the Mecca, the Mohammed issues order the to ruin the gram white ll idols inside the palace, reserve the black meteorite only, and change the white palace of the gram as mosque, declaring that the gram white is a forbidden ground.From now on, the Mecca gram white becomes wood's week of world of toward and the center of the of dynasty.631 year-ends, each tribe of peninsula one after another returns to believe the Islamism, the leader position of the acknowledgement Mohammed, carried out the politics of the peninsula to unify basically.632 years March, the Mohammed rate 100,000 wood of arrive the Mecca carried on once through reform of dynasty , the history call" do not dynasty ".The Mohammed established a series of instrument of the of dynasty in person, becoming the subsequent wood of toward the example that follow.He announced the toward the speech, with the name that the Allah" apocalypse", declaring that the victory that Islamism creates to spread," I have already chosen the to make your religion", emphasize that the wood of 's solidify and united importance.At the same year on January 8 Mohammed at die of illness Medina.Go to this, the Islamism has already in the religion that the peninsula shares to rule the position become, the spirit that becomes the Arabian race pays the pillar, uncovering the new literary piece of Arabian history.
Dissemination and development
Islamism from the religion that the religious development of the Arabian local one race becomes the world and multiracial faith, is the Arabian nation passes to extend, go into business the association, cultural interaction continuously and outward and send to preach the teacher toward the world-wide locations various paths of etc. but get the extensive dissemination of result.632 years, after Mohammed pass away, the Islamism enter" four greatest 哈s in hair period", conquering outward along with the nation in united Arabia, the Islamism spreads extensively outside the region toward peninsula, the history call" Islamism of expand the period".From 661 years, the Islamism enters the Arabian empire period, experience successively five leaf's kings of toward pull out the king of with toward, the ground across second, not, the three greatest continents in Europe, the Islamism becomes the religion that the empire shares to rule the position;The econom