作业帮被动语态的用法被动语态的用法和结构
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：拍题作业网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/01 20:32:38
被动语态的用法
被动语态的用法和结构
被动语态的用法和结构
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.一、主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.例如：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.例如：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.二、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词"构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成.一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken一般过去时：was／were＋spoken一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken过去进行时：were／was being＋spoken现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken过去完成时：had been + spoken1. My heart is broken.2. My heart was broken.3. My heart has been broken.4. My heart had been broken.5. My heart is being broken.6. My heart was being broken.7. My heart will be broken.8. My heart will have been broken.被动语态没有现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来进行时,将来完成进行时三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.例如：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年. (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者. 例如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的. This book was written by him.这本书是他写的. Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成.（3）主角必须隐藏忽略时:有时候在说话时,为了掩饰或刻意忽略时.The medicine has been tested around the world. 这药已在全球被测试过了
主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语. (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式). (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由"情态动词＋be＋过去分词"构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留.We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况
He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
I am never let to watch TV by mother.
3.一、带双宾语的两种被动语态形式1）用直接宾语作主语时在间接宾语前加介词“to”：1．I'll give her a present for her birthday． （直接宾语） (give sth to sb)A present will be given to her for her birthday by me．2．She told me the news． （直接宾语） (tell sth to sb)The news was told to me by her．2）另一种一般用直接宾语作被动语态的主语,且须在间接宾语前加上介词“for”：1．I've bought my little sister a sweater． （直接宾语） (buy sth for sb)A sweater has been bought for my little sister by me．2．Mother cooks some delicious food for me． （直接宾语） (cook sth for sb)Some delicious food is cooked for me by Mother．类似的动词有：read,draw,make,get等.有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通,或不习惯,也须转用直接宾语作主语.如：My girl friend writes me a letter every week．I am written a letter by my girl friend every week．（错句）A letter is written to me by my girl friend every week．类似的动词有：return,send,pass,hand,sell,teach等.二、许多不及物动词加上介词或副词而变为及物短语动词,这时同样可以有被动语态.但应注意短语的整体性,在变为被动语态时不应丢掉后边的介词或副词.1动词＋介词a．The doctor has already been sent for．b．The news has never been heard of before．类似的短语动词有：call on,look after,talk about,look at,ask for,wait for．．．2．动词＋副词a．A new play will be put on (上演) next week．b．The problem has been worked out．类似的短语动词有：put off (推迟),think over,take off (脱、取消),look up (查询),sell out,use up (用光)．．．3．动词＋副词＋介词a．The poor were looked down upon before liberation．解放前穷人被人瞧不起.b．He was looked up to by everyone．他被人们所敬仰.类似的短语动词有：get out of,look out of,get on with,get along with (与.相处),catch up with (赶上),keep up with (跟上)．．．4．动词＋名词＋介词a．Lin Fen can take good care of your children．1）Your children can be taken good care of by Lin Feng．2）Good care can be taken of your children by Lin Feng．b．They never paid attention to (注意、关注) the matter．1）The matter was never paid attention to．2）Attention was never paid to the matter．类似的短语动词有：make fun of,make use of,make friends with,take part in (参加)．．．Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.另外也可以使用get + p.p. 或 become +p.p.
get常与下列分词使用:arrested, confused, delayed, dressed, divorced, engaged, married,lost
We got delayed because of the traffic jam. 我们迟到是因为塞车
用某些不及物动词表示被动意义,如carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write等等.这类动词既能作及物动词,也能作不及物动词.作不及物动词时,形式上虽为主动,却表示被动意义.例如：
Meat cuts easily.肉容易切.
His novel sells well.他的小说畅销.
The car drove easily.这车很容易开.
Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑.
在上述句子中,主语通常指物
（2）某些感觉动词的主动态表示被动意义.例如：
This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多. That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味.
These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好.
以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示.若用进行时,则表示主动含义.比较：The child is smelling the paint.小孩正在闻油漆的气味.
（3）某些被动句没有相应的主动句.例如：
She was born in Nanjing.她生于南京.
He was said to be an honest man.据说他是个老实人.
They will be married next month.他们将于下月结婚.
Mary said that she was not obliged to work overtime.玛丽说她并不是非加班不可.
主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语. (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式). (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如：All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.He cut down a tree.A tree was cut down by him.五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由"情态动词＋be＋过去分词"构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留.We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.六、特殊情况
He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.
The boy was made to work by him for two hours yesterday.
2.Mother never lets me watch TV .
I am never let to watch TV by mother.
3.一、带双宾语的两种被动语态形式1）用直接宾语作主语时在间接宾语前加介词“to”：1．I'll give her a present for her birthday． （直接宾语） (give sth to sb)A present will be given to her for her birthday by me．2．She told me the news． （直接宾语） (tell sth to sb)The news was told to me by her．2）另一种一般用直接宾语作被动语态的主语,且须在间接宾语前加上介词“for”：1．I've bought my little sister a sweater． （直接宾语） (buy sth for sb)A sweater has been bought for my little sister by me．2．Mother cooks some delicious food for me． （直接宾语） (cook sth for sb)Some delicious food is cooked for me by Mother．类似的动词有：read,draw,make,get等.有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通,或不习惯,也须转用直接宾语作主语.如：My girl friend writes me a letter every week．I am written a letter by my girl friend every week．（错句）A letter is written to me by my girl friend every week．类似的动词有：return,send,pass,hand,sell,teach等.二、许多不及物动词加上介词或副词而变为及物短语动词,这时同样可以有被动语态.但应注意短语的整体性,在变为被动语态时不应丢掉后边的介词或副词.1动词＋介词a．The doctor has already been sent for．b．The news has never been heard of before．类似的短语动词有：call on,look after,talk about,look at,ask for,wait for．．．2．动词＋副词a．A new play will be put on (上演) next week．b．The problem has been worked out．类似的短语动词有：put off (推迟),think over,take off (脱、取消),look up (查询),sell out,use up (用光)．．．3．动词＋副词＋介词a．The poor were looked down upon before liberation．解放前穷人被人瞧不起.b．He was looked up to by everyone．他被人们所敬仰.类似的短语动词有：get out of,look out of,get on with,get along with (与.相处),catch up with (赶上),keep up with (跟上)．．．4．动词＋名词＋介词a．Lin Fen can take good care of your children．1）Your children can be taken good care of by Lin Feng．2）Good care can be taken of your children by Lin Feng．b．They never paid attention to (注意、关注) the matter．1）The matter was never paid attention to．2）Attention was never paid to the matter．类似的短语动词有：make fun of,make use of,make friends with,take part in (参加)．．．Jack gave Peter a Christmas present just now.
(1)A Christmas present was given to Peter by Jack just now.
(2)Peter was given a Christmas present by Jack just now.另外也可以使用get + p.p. 或 become +p.p.
get常与下列分词使用:arrested, confused, delayed, dressed, divorced, engaged, married,lost
We got delayed because of the traffic jam. 我们迟到是因为塞车
用某些不及物动词表示被动意义,如carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear,wash,wear,write等等.这类动词既能作及物动词,也能作不及物动词.作不及物动词时,形式上虽为主动,却表示被动意义.例如：
Meat cuts easily.肉容易切.
His novel sells well.他的小说畅销.
The car drove easily.这车很容易开.
Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑.
在上述句子中,主语通常指物
（2）某些感觉动词的主动态表示被动意义.例如：
This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软得多. That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味.
These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好.
以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示.若用进行时,则表示主动含义.比较：The child is smelling the paint.小孩正在闻油漆的气味.
（3）某些被动句没有相应的主动句.例如：
She was born in Nanjing.她生于南京.
He was said to be an honest man.据说他是个老实人.
They will be married next month.他们将于下月结婚.
Mary said that she was not obliged to work overtime.玛丽说她并不是非加班不可.