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英语翻译He studied hard at school when he was young ( ) contribu

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英语翻译
He studied hard at school when he was young ( ) contributes to his success in later life.
A.which B,that C.,which D,so that
这道题的答案选择的是C,谁能告诉我A和B为什么不选?
Mr Smith will move into his new house next monday,(by which time)it will be completely finished.
解析一下括号中which 的成分,还有by为什么可以放在那个位置?
The argumentative form of writing is one in which problems are disscussed.
这句话的翻译.
1.A答案是不是打错了,如是what ,what 只引导名词性从句,在名词性从句(即主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句)中作主语,宾语,表语或定语.例:1.What makes him happy is unknown to us .(what作主语从句中的主语)2.I felt confused about what he said.(what作宾语从句中的宾语)3.This is what it is.(what 作表从中的表语,意为这就是它本来的样子)4.I have no idea what effect the medicine has on him.(what 作同位语从句中的定语).而此句中是由which 引导的定语从句,代指前面整个句子的内容,即:当他年轻时,他在学校学习很努力,这件事情为他以后生活中的成功作出了贡献.而that 只能指代一个先行词,而不能指代整个句子的内容,所以也不能选B.
2.这是介词+关联词(which不能用that)的一种固定的定语从句结构,所以by 只能放在这里.其中which time 作介词的宾语.
3.此句 意为:这种具有争论性的写作方式是一个所有问题都被讨论过的形式.