一个语法的使用

名词性从句注意事项

解题思路： 为了你更好的学习名词性从句， 附件里面附带的《高考名词性从句考点>>,希望对你的学习有更大的帮助。
解题过程：
名词性从句
技巧:
语法学习几大步:
1,全面了解基本概念是基础,此为第一步;
2,注意结构与功能是难点,此为第二步;
3. 特殊用法为重点,此为第三步;4.,高考考点是关键,此为第四步,也是最关键的一步.
先了解什么是复合句
复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成.主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构,但主句是全句的主体,从句只是全句是的一个成分,不能独立.根据从句中的不同作用,从句可分为宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句和状语从句.前四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词,统称为名词性从句.
连接主句和从句的关连词
连接主句和从句的关连词有下列类:1,从属连词:that, before, whether, after, if, since, although, as soon as, because, as(so) long as , when 2. 连接代词:who, whose, whom, which, what
3.连接副词:when, why, where, how 4,关系代词:who, whom, whose, which, that
5,关系副词:when, why, where
名词性从句
名词性从句:可分为宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句.这四种从句在复合句中的作用相当于名词,分别作主语,表语,宾语和同位语.这四种从句和主句之间不用逗号.引导名词性从句的关连词有以下三类:1,从属连词that, whether, if 2. 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which,
3. 连接副词when, why, where,how在复合句中充当句子的主语的从句
在复合句中作主语.位置与陈述句基本结构中的主语相同
1.从属连词that, whether, (if )
2. 连接代词who, whom, what, which,
3. 连接副词when, why, where, how
1.that; 在从句中不作任何成分,也无任何意思,只起连接作用.常不省略
2.whether在从句中不作任何成分,但有意思"是否",起连接作用.
宾语从句
在复合句中充当句子的宾语的从句
在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语.
1.从属连词that, whether, (if)
2. 连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose
3. 连接副词when, why, where, how
1.that在从句中不作任何成分,也无任何意思,只起连接作用.常省略.
2.注意主从句时态呼应(从句表客观事实除外)
3.注意语序问题.
同位语从句
在复合句中起解释,说明某个名词的具体内容的从句叫同位语从句
同位语
1.从属连词that, whether
2. 连接代词who, whom, what, which,
3. 连接副词when, why, where, how
1.that; 在从句中不作任何成分,也无任何意思,只起连接作用.常不省略
2.接同位语从句常用的名词有:belief, fact, news, idea, word, hope, order, promise, problem, suggestion, chance, truth, message, doubt….
表语从句
在主句中以一个句子来作表语叫表语从句
作表语
1.从属连词that, whether
2. 连接代词who, whom, what, which,
3. 连接副词when, why, where, how
4.as if / as though
1.that; 在从句中不作任何成分,也无任何意思,只起连接作用.常不省略
2.引导表语从句多表示事实,真理,理由或意见.信念等.
各种从句的特殊句型
主语从句
1.It is + n + that….
(a pity/ no wonder/a pleasure)
1.It is a pity that my new computer doesn't work..
2. It is +adj + that….
(形容词如是strange, necessary, important, natural..主语从句得用虚拟语气should + V 原形)
1. It's necessary that you complete the design before National Day.
3. It is +PP + that…
(常用动词:report, say, tell, believe, think….)
It's said that the sports meet will be put off.
4.It + Vi +that…
It appeared that he followed my advice.

主语从句不能位于句首的几种情况
1.It is said / reported….结构中的主语从句一般不提前
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week.
2.It happens/occurs 结构中的主语从句一般不提前
It occurred to him that he failed in the exam.
3. It doesn't matter whether/ how….结构中的主语从句一般不提前
It doesn't matter whether he is wrong or right.
4. 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不提前
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening
Is it that it will rain in the evening likely (X)
使用主语从句应注意:
从句作主语,谓语常用单数,但以what开始的主语从句,如后面的表语为复数时,谓语也用复数.
What he wants to buy are three books and two ballpens.
如果主语从句太长而谓语或表语过短时,为了避免头重脚轻,常用it代替作形式语,而真主语放后.但如果用连接代词what, whatever, whoever, 等引导,表示的是一个具体的东西或人,这种主语从句不能用it 来代替.
① What he said interested me greatly.
② Whoever is tired may rest.
宾语从句
1.及物动词跟宾语从句,介词后也可以,但不用that引导.
This reminds me of how he helped me to improve my pronunciation .
2.某些表语形容词后常用that从句,也可以看成是省略介词的宾语从句.(常见的有:afraid, sure, pleased, glad……)
I am pleased that my suggestion has been accepted by all.
有时it 也可以作宾语从句的先行词,即that引导的从句放后,it作形式宾语(hate, like, make, appreciate, see to, take…for granted…)
I took it for granted that they would not come.
He has made it clear that he won't take over the job.
4. 若主句动词后有两个或以上的宾语从句,除第一个that外,其余均不可省.
I forgot (that)my research paper was due on Tuesday and that my teacher had said he would not accept late papers.
5. 若主句动词是think, expect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose等(注意没有hope)一般要把宾语从句的否定词移到主句中去,即"否定转移/前置"
I don't think he is right.
思考:此类型在主句的主语用不同人称时,其附加疑问句又该如何变
6. 动词是表"请求,建议,命令"等语气时,(suggest, advise, demand, require, insist, order, ask(要求),等,)宾语从句的谓语应用(should) +V原形
I suggested that we (should) put off the meeting.
Whether 与 if 的区别
相同点:①在宾语从句中可互换
②whether…or not = if …. or not
I don't know whether/if he will come this evening.
不同点:①在表语,同位语从句中只能用whether
②在主语从句中,只有用it 作形式主语时,whether,if都能引导主语从句,否则也只能用whether
③在介词后(介词往往可省略)只用whether
④直接跟动词不定式时也只用whether
⑤后面紧跟or not 时不能用if
⑥引导让步状语从句时,只用whether
用 if 会引起歧议时,往往用 whether 表"是否"
⑧某些动词后(discuss, /decide/depend)只用whether
①The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
②It hasn't been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided.
③It all depends (on)whether they will support us. ④ He doesn't know whether to stay or not.
⑤ We didn't know whether or not she was ready.
⑥Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.
⑦Please let me know if you you like it.
此句有两个意思:"请告诉我你是否喜欢"或"如果你喜欢,请告诉我".因此,用了whether就可以避免歧议.
⑧ We must discuss whether he will be allowed to attend the meeting.
表语从句
1.The reason why….is/was that….
The reason why he didn't come to school is that he was ill yesterday.
2. It appears / happens/ seems / turns out …+ that 常看成是表语从句.
It turned out that he was true.
3. That is because……
He was late for school yesterday. That is because he was ill. (because 说明理由)
4.That is why…..
He was ill. That is why he was late for school.(前面说明理由,why引导从句加以小结)
同位语从句
凡表示"请示,建议,命令"等动词的相应的名词引导的同位语从句,均用 (should) +V原形
如:order, advice, suggestion, demand, proposal….
The suggestion that he (should)not go there is of great value.
高考考点
that 与 what用法区别
that 在名词性从句中不作任何成分,也没有任意思,只起连接作用.而what 不仅起连接作用,还可作从句的主语,宾语和表语.并有以下含义:
what 相当于the thing which / all that 之意,即相当于汉语"所……的事物/人".
What the Emperor cared for was new clothes.
what 作"什么(样的)"
They are thinking of what they should do next.
what…like 作"怎样"讲
The question is what the weather will be like tomorrow.
it 作形式主语或宾语
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
He found it difficult to study English.
语序,主句和从句的时态一致性.
Where has he gone to be found out.( ) Where he has gone is to be found out.( )
I don't know what was the matter. ( ) I don't know what the matter was . ( )
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. ( ).
whether 与if区别
名词性从从句中的虚拟语气.
同位语与定语从句的区别
从意义上看,同位语从句是说明其前面的抽象名词的具体内容的,而定语从句是修饰限制或解释说明的.
从结构上看,同位语从句中的that是连词,一般不能省略,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任意思,只起连接作用.而定语从句的that 关系代词,起连接作用还替代先行词,并在句中可作主语,宾语和表语,作宾语时可省.判定下列句子是:
The news that the bank was robbed yesterday evening is true.
The news that he told us is very interesting.
I have no idea when they will come to visit China again.
I'll never forget the days when we worked together on the farm.
We don't understand the problem why this is the best choice.
The reason why he didn't come to the meeting is that he is ill.
最终答案：略