英语翻译INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS A great deal of attention is rightly

英语翻译
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
A great deal of attention is rightly given to transport,services and household and their impact on energy demand.Nevertheless,industry still accounts for more than two thirds of energy end use,and growing demand in other sectors is predicated on a steady supply of manufactured goods,ensuring that industry will remain the dominant energy consumer in China for many more years.Most coal is used in industry and in electric utilities.A few energy-intensive products,then,determine a very large share of the country’s coal demand,and thus total energy demand.Manufacturing a ton of steel requires over a ton of coal,and China makes more steel (and cement and many other energy-intensive products) than any other country in the world.Expanded production means new capacity in factories,which,combined with retrofits needed to keep older facilities competitive,results in more energy-efficient production.The pace of improvement in technical energy efficiency (amount of energy require to produce one unit of output),however,is no match for the astonishing rate at which output has been expanding (Table 3).It seems likely that this pace will eventually slack off,but in the mean time,it is certainly driving significant growth in demand for coal,electricity,and other energy products.
The extraordinary rapidity with which new cars and trucks are being put on China’s roads ensures new and lasting demand for oil—incremental demand for which must be supplied by imports,as discussed in a later section (Chinese Academy of Engineering and National Research Council,2003).
INVESTMENT
A great deal of China’s economic growth has been driven by continuing large investment in infrastructure,building,and industrial capacity.As in previous episodes of overheating,growth in investment has risen into double digits,with total investment (excluding collective and private firms) in fixed assets reportedly growing over 32% in the first eight months of 2003 (NBS,2003b).Among industrial subsectors,investment in steel grew fastest,at 126%.In energy,coal investment rose particularly rapidly,at 59%,while investment in electricity and oil reportedly grew by 27% and 11%,respectively.While these are unadjusted nominal figures,rates of inflation have been quite low in China (the consumer price index has been up by less than 1% so far in 2003 [NBS,2003b]),so these would be expected to be close to real rates of growth.Moreover,these interim figures are consistent with the industrial indicators discussed above,such as rising output of coal,electricity,and generating equipment.

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工业产品
倍受人关注的是运输业、服务业和家庭需求的增长以及它们的对能源需求的冲击. 尽管如此,工业最终仍然使用了三分之二以上的能源, 同时这种需求仍然稳步增长, 这将确保工业在未来很多年内仍将中国在能源消费中占据主导地位. 大部分煤炭用于工业和发电. 几种能源密集型产品,占据该国的煤炭需求非常大的份额,从而拉动能源的总需求量. 生产一吨钢材需要超过一吨的煤, 而中国比其他任何的国家使更多的钢(包括水泥和许多其他能源密集型产品) . 扩大生产意味着增加工厂产能,其中,结合改革同时增强旧设施的竞争力可以提高能源的生产效率.技术和能源利用效率提高(能源量要求生产一个单位的产出)使得产量以惊人速度不断扩大(见表3 ) . 虽然似乎看来增长的步伐最终将放缓,但同时, 仍在推动煤炭,电力和其它能源产品需求. 新的轿车和卡车正在以惊人速度投放到中国的道路上,同时拉动将在下一节继续讨论的对石油进口的持久需求. (中国工程院,国家研究理事会, 2003年) .
投资
中国经济的快速增长所带动的持续大量投资在基础设施,建筑和工业能力. 如至前发生经济过热,以致投资增长上升到两位数, 在2003年的前8个月里,固定资产中的总投资(不含集体和私营企业)增长超过32%(NBS, 2003b ) . 在工业领域,对钢铁的投资增长最快,为126% . 在能源领域,对煤炭投资增长尤其迅速,为59% , 同时对电力和石油的投资分别增长了27%和11% . 尽管这些都是未经校正的表面数字, 但在中国通货膨胀率已相当低(直到 2003年,消费物价指数连续上升了不到1%[NBS, 2003年] ) ,所以这些预期数字将接近真实的增长率. 同时,这些过渡时期的数字均符合上面讨论的工业指数,如扩大煤炭,电力的产量和增加发电设备.