英语翻译In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only thre

英语翻译
In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season,however,he would have been one of 42.The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years,and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.
The trend in sports,though,may be obscuring an unrecognized reality:Americans have generally stopped growing.Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago,today's people-especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S.for many generations-apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s.And they aren't likely to get any taller."In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we've pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.In the case of NBA players,their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.
Growth,which rarely continues beyond the age of 20,demands calories and nutrients-notably,protein-to feed expanding tissues.At the start of the 20th century,under?nutrition and childhood infections got in the way.But as diet and health improved,children and adolescents have,on average,increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years,a pattern known as the secular trend in height.Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,average height-5′9〃 for men,5′4〃for women-hasn't really changed since 1960.
Genetically speaking,there are advantages to avoiding substantial height.During childbirth,larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal.Moreover,even though humans have been upright for millions of years,our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs."There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.
Genetic maximums can change,but don't expect this to happen soon.Claire C.Gordon,senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick,Mass.,ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration.She says that,unlike those for basketball,the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time.And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment,Gordon says that by and large,"you could use today's data and feel fairly confident."

早在20世纪60年代张伯伦是仅有的三个国家篮球协会（NBA）在7英尺以上列出的球员之一.如果他上赛季效力,但是,他会一直是42一.该机构发挥重要的职业体育发生了巨大变化,多年来,管理人员已超过愿意适应球队的制服,以适应更大,更长的框架日益增多.
在运动的趋势,不过,可能是模糊的一个无法识别的现实：美国人普遍停止生长.虽然一般是两英寸身高现在比140年以前,今天的人们,尤其是那些出生在美国谁住了许多世代显然达到了60年代初他们的限制家庭.他们可能不会得到任何高.“在一般人的今天,在这个基因,环境层面,我们已经差不多了,据我们可以说,”人类学家威廉卡梅隆Chumlea的莱特州立大学.在NBA球员来说,他们的身高增加似乎是由于聘请来自世界各地的选手越来越普遍的做法.
生长,而很少超过20岁仍在继续,热量和营养素的需求,值得注意的是,蛋白饲料,以扩大组织.在20世纪开始,根据?营养和儿童感染了的方式.但由于饮食和健康改善,儿童和青少年,平均身高增加了大约1英寸半每20年,作为长期趋势的高度称为一种模式.然而,根据美国疾病控制和预防,平均身高5'9〃男性中心,5'4为妇女自1960年以来处理不当的真正改变〃.
从遗传学上讲,有优势,避免大量的高度.分娩期间,婴儿有更多的困难较大,通过产道通过.此外,尽管人类已经数百万年正直,我们的脚和背部继续斗争,双足姿态,不能轻易承受的压力过大的肢体重复征收.“有一些是由个别生物体的遗传结构设置真正的限制,”威廉说,人类学家伦纳德西北大学.
遗传最大值可以改变,但不要指望这种事情发生不久.克莱尔长戈登,在陆军纳提克研究中心在马萨诸塞州的资深人类学家,确保90制服和工作站百分之适合新兵没有改变.她说,不像篮球的,军事制服长度一段时间没有改变.如果你需要预测在不久的将来人类的高度来设计一台设备,戈登说,通过与大,“你可以利用今天的数据和相当有信心.”