英语翻译Adam Smith (baptised 16 June 1723 – 17 July 1790 [OS:5 J

英语翻译
Adam Smith (baptised 16 June 1723 – 17 July 1790 [OS:5 June 1723 – 17 July 1790]) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economy.One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment,Smith is the author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations.The latter,usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations,is considered his magnum opus and the first modern work of economics.Adam Smith is widely cited as the father of modern economics.[1][2]
Smith studied moral philosophy at the University of Glasgow and Oxford University.After graduating he delivered a successful series of public lectures at Edinburgh,leading him to collaborate with David Hume during the Scottish Enlightenment.Smith obtained a professorship at Glasgow teaching moral philosophy,and during this time wrote and published The Theory of Moral Sentiments.In his later life he took a tutoring position which allowed him to travel throughout Europe where he met other intellectual leaders of his day.Smith returned home and spent the next ten years writing The Wealth of Nations (mainly from his lecture notes) which was published in 1776.He died in 1790.
Biography
[edit] Early life
Adam Smith was born to Margaret Douglas at Kirkcaldy,Fife,Scotland.His father,also named Adam Smith,was a lawyer,civil servant,and widower who married Margaret Douglas in 1720 and died six months before Smith was born.[3] Although the exact date of Smith's birth is unknown,his baptism was recorded on 16 June 1723 at Kirkcaldy.[4] Though few events in Smith's early childhood are known,Scottish journalist and biographer of Smith John Rae recorded that Smith was abducted by gypsies at the age of four and eventually released when others went to rescue him.[note 1] Smith was particularly close to his mother,who likely encouraged him to pursue his scholarly ambitions.[6] He attended the Burgh School of Kirkcaldy – characterised by Rae as "one of the best secondary schools of Scotland at that period" – from 1729 to 1737.[5] There he studied Latin,mathematics,history,and writing.[6]
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He published The Theory of Moral Sentiments in 1759,embodying some of his Glasgow lectures.This work was concerned with how human morality depends on sympathy between agent and spectator,or the individual and other members of society.He bases his explanation not on a special "moral sense",as the third Lord Shaftesbury and Hutcheson had done,nor on utility as Hume did,but on sympathy.Smith's popularity greatly increased due to the The Theory of Moral Sentiments,and as a result,many wealthy students left their schools in other countries to enroll at Glasgow to learn under Smith.

亚当斯密（洗礼1723年6月16日 - 1790年7月17日[操作系统：1723年6月5日 - 1790年7月17日]）是苏格兰道德哲学家和政治经济学的先驱.对苏格兰启蒙运动的关键人物之一,是史密斯的道德情操和调查理论的性质和国富论的作者.后者通常国富论缩写,被认为是他的巨著的第一经济现代化工作.亚当斯密被广泛引用作为现代经济学之父.[1] [2]
史密斯曾在格拉斯哥大学和牛津大学道德哲学.毕业后,他发表了一系列成功的公众讲座在爱丁堡,导致他与大卫休合作,在苏格兰启蒙运动.史密斯教授在格拉斯哥取得道德哲学教授名衔,并在此期间,撰写和发表的道德情操论.在他的后半生,他采取了辅导立场使他在欧洲旅行,他当天会见了他的其他知识产权领导人.史密斯回家,花了十年写国富论（主要是从他的讲义）,它是在1776年出版.他死于1790年.
传记
[编辑]早年生活
亚当斯密出生在柯科迪玛格丽特道格拉斯,快富,苏格兰.他的父亲,也叫亚当斯密,是一名律师,公务员,鳏夫谁在1720年结婚,道格拉斯和玛格丽特去世前6个月的史密斯出生.[3]虽然史密斯出生的确切日期不明,他的洗礼记录1723年6月16日在柯科迪.[4]史密斯的童年,虽然一些事件是已知的,苏格兰记者和约翰史密斯李博传记记载,史密斯被绑架吉卜赛人在4岁时被释放到别人救他.[注1]史密斯特别密切,他的母亲,谁可能会鼓励他继续他的学术抱负.[6]他出席了柯科迪蒂伯学校 - 由雷形容为“在苏格兰最好的中学之一在这个时期” - 1729年至1737年.[5]在那里,他学习拉丁语,数学,历史和写作.[6]
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他在1759年发表的道德情操论,体现了他的格拉斯哥的一些讲座.这项工作涉及如何对人类道德和观众之间的代理,或个人和社会其他成员的同情而定.他的解释,他的基地不是一个特殊的“道德意识”,作为第三个主沙夫茨伯里和哈奇森的所作所为,也不实用的休那样,而是同情.史密斯的知名度大大提高由于道德情操的理论,因此,许多富裕的学生留在其他国家的学校在格拉斯哥参加学习根据史密斯.