who,whom,whose,that,which,how,what关于从句用法

who,whom,whose,that,which,how,what关于从句用法

在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意：
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom).
(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom).
(3) 当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom).
(4) 当先行词为one,ones,anyone,everyone,none,all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom).
(5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who.
(6) 在there be句型中名词的定语从句多用who (whom).
(7) 当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that,那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who.
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that.
(2) 当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that.
(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that.
在定语从句中,关系代词which和 that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用.但在下列情况下值得注意：
A.只能用that而不能用which的情形
(1) 当先行词为：all,little,few,much,none 及 some-,any-,no-,every- 与 thing 所组成的复合单词时,只能用that.
(2) 当先行词前面有only,some,any,no,every,little,few,much,all,very等形容词修饰时,只能用that.
(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that.
(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that.
(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that.如：
This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书.
(6) 当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that.如：
Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?
B.只能用which而不能用that的情形
(1) 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which.如：
The pencil-case,which I bought last week,is missing.那个铅笔盒,我上周买的,现在不见了.
(2) 关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which.如：
The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍刀了.
(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which.如：
I don’t take that which is too expensive.我不要太贵的那一个.
whose
关系代词在从句中作定语表示所属关系,先行词是人,表示“先行词这个人的…”,用whose；先行词是事物,表示“先行词这个事物的…”,用whose…或the…of which或of which…都可以.