高一的英语主谓一致 谁给总结下 我学得有点晕~

高一的英语主谓一致 谁给总结下 我学得有点晕~

主谓一致英语句子中,主语的“人称”和“数”要限制,决定谓语动词的形式变化,这就叫“主谓一致”关系.它通常依据三项原则：1）语法一致； 2）意义一致； 3）就近一致.【语法一致原则】I .主语的“人称”决定谓语动词的形式.e.g.①I love / She loves music . 我/ 她爱好音乐.②Are your mother a worker? (误)你母亲是工人吗?Is your mother a worker? (正)（主语your mother 是单数第三人称）II .主语的“数”决定谓语动词的形式.1.“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）”或“从句”等做主语,用单数谓语形式.e.g.①The work is important . 这项工作重要.②To serve the country is our duty. 为祖国服务是我们的义务.③How and why he left was a sad story. 他离开的经过和原因是一段伤心的经历.2. 复数的名词、代词一般接复数谓语形式.e.g.①The children are taken good care of . 孩子们得到很好的照料.②They have gone to Chengdu . 他们去成都了.III. 以“and”或“both… and”连接的并列主语：1.通常作复数用 .e.g.①Plastics and rubber never rot . 塑料和橡胶从不腐烂.②What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一致.③Both Tom and I are fond of medicine. 我和汤姆都喜欢医学.2. 如果并列主语指的是“同一个”人（事、物、抽象概念）,作单数用.e.g.①The worker and writer has come . 这位工人作家来了.②A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远处能看见有一套马车.③Truth and honesty is the best policy. 真诚是最好的策略.3. “and”前、后的单数词语都有“each, every ,many ,a ,no”等修饰时,仍作单数用.e.g.①Every boy and every girl enjoys equal rights here.这里每个男孩和每个女孩都享有平等权益.②No teacher and no student is excused from taking part in the activity .没有哪个教师或学生可以免于参加这项活动.Ⅳ. 主语前、后加表“数、量”等的修饰语时：1. a）“many a + 单名 ”接单数谓语：“a good (great ) many + 复名”接复数谓语.e.g.①Many a fine man has died for it . 许多优秀战士为此献出了生命.②A great many parents were present at the meeting. 许多家长出席了会议.b）"a / an + 单名+ or two " 大多接单数谓语： "one or two + 复名"接复数谓语.e.g.①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需说一两句.②One or two reasons were suggested. 提出一两条理由.c）"a / an + 单名+ and a half"常接单数谓语；“one and a half +复名”多接复数谓语.e.g.①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已过去了.②One and a half tons of rice are sold. 已卖了一吨半大米.d） "more than one + 单名"大多接单数谓语.e.g.①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一个人缺席."more + 复名+ than one "接复数谓语.e.g.②More students than one have been there . 不止一个学生去过那儿."More than two (three…) +复名 " 接复数谓语.e.g.③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名学生听了这场音乐会.2 ,主语前加表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort / type / form /pair /cup /glass /piece / load / block / box / handful / quantity / ton / metre /… )of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语形式.e.g.a）①There is only a small quantity of paper (books ) left . 只剩下少量的纸（书）了.②Large quantities of water are needed. 需要大量的水.b）①This kind of apple is sweet . 这种苹果甜.②This kind of apples is (are) sweet. （大多依 kind ,作单数用 ）③These kind(s) of apple(s) are sweet . （总作复数用）但:Apples of this kind are sweet. （总作复数用）3. 主语后接“with…”等构成的短语修饰成分时：谓语仍须与这类短语前的“主语”一致.可构成这类短语的常用“with ,along with ,together with ,as well as , but , besides , except ,added to , including , like ,no less than , rather than , more than ”等.e.g.①A woman with two children has come . 一位妇女带着两个孩子来了.②I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅他们,我也愿帮助你.4. "one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句"：1）定语从句的先行词通常是这个“复数名词”,因此从句的谓语用复数形式.e.g.①This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year . 这是今年出版的最佳小说之一.（关系词“that”代“novels”）②He was one of the boys who were praised . 他是受表扬的男孩之一.2）若“one”前加“this, the ,the only ”等时,定语从句的关系词指代one,作从句主语时,接单数谓语.e.g.He was the only one of the boys who was praised .他是男孩中唯一受到表扬的.(关系词who 代 the only one )【意义一致原则（Notional Concord）】I. 集合名词做主语时：（参见“名词”部分）1. 有些通常作复数用（不变词形）.如：“people , police , cattle (牛,牲口),folk , youth , militia (民兵)”,等.e.g.The police have caught the murderer .警方已捕获凶手.2. 有些指“整体”时作单数,指其中的“成员”时作复数（不变词形）.如 "army , audience(听众),class ,club （俱乐部) ,company(公司), committee(委员会) ,crew ,crowd ,staff(员工) ,family ,public ,government ,group ,party ,union ,couple ,population ,team ."等.e.g.①Our family is a happy one . 我们有个幸福的家庭.②The family are early risers. 这家人都起得早.③The public are (is) requested not to litter. 请公众不要乱扔废弃物.但上述集合名词也可有复数形式.如：families , two classes .等.有些变复数形式后意义不同.如：peoples多个民族. youths男青年. folks亲友.II. 代词做主语时：（参见“代词”部分）1. 不定代词"each ,one , much, (a)little ,either ,neither ,another ,the other(+单名)"等常作单数用.它们所修饰的主语也作单数.e.g.①Each of the girls (Each girl) has a new hat . 每个女孩都有顶新帽子.②Neither plan suits me .③Neither of the plans suits / suit me . 两个计划都不适合我.2. 下列复合不定代词一般作单数用：“someone ,somebody ,something ,anybody ,anyone ,anything ,everybody ,everyone ,everything ,nobody ,no one ,nothing ”等.e.g.①Is everybody here ? 都到齐了吗?②There was nothing special then. 那时没什么特别情况.3. 下列不定代词作复数用：“（a）few ,many ,several, both”等.e.g.①Few (of the guests ) were familiar to us . 没几个（客人）是我们熟识的.②Both / Both (of ) these are interesting . 两部影片都有趣.4下列代词须视其“具体所指”来决定单、复数：1）“what ,which ,who ,whose ”等.e.g.①Who is your brother ?你兄弟是谁?②Who are League Members .哪些是团员?2）"all , some ,more ,most ,any ,none ,a lot(of ), lots (of ),"等.e.g.①All (of the students ) are working hard .（所有的学生）都在用功.②All (of the paint ) is fine .（这些油漆）都很好.3）"half(of), plenty (of), the rest(of), (a)part(of), the remainder(of )余下的）",等.e.g.①Half of the apples are bad .苹果中有一半是坏的.②Half of the apple is bad .这只苹果坏了一半.Ⅲ.“数词”、“数量、单位”等词语做主语时：（参见“数词”部分.）1. 表示“运算”的数词通常作单数 .e.g.Ten times four makes(make) forty .+ 乘以四得四十.2.表“时间、距离、金额、度量衡”等的词语,作“整体”看时作单数用,侧重指“若干单位”时作复数用.e.g.①Twenty years is not a long time . 二十年光阴,弹指一挥间.②Twenty years have passed since he left. 他离开已二十个年头了.3.“分数、百分数”通常依其“具体所指”来决定单、复数.e.g.①About 40 percent / two-fifths of the books here are (is) worth reading . 这些书中百分之四十/五分之二值得读.②Only sixty percent / three-fifths of the work was done yesterday .昨天只干完了百分之六十/五分之三的工作.4. "a number of (许多)/ a variety of (各式各样) "+复数名词,常作复数用.e.g.①A number of students in this class are (is) from Sichuan . 这个班有不少同学来自四川.②There are a variety of toys in this shop.这家商店有各种各样的玩具.但是,“the number(数目)/ the variety(种类)”+ of + 复数名词,作单数.e.g.①The number of students in this college has doubled . 这所大学的学生人数翻了一番.②The variety of goods in this shop is rich . 这家商店货物品种丰富.Ⅳ.单、复数同形或易混的词做主语时：（参见“名词”部分）1.以“-ics”结尾的学科名词：指教育、科研的某一学科,作单数.e.g.Mathematics seems easy to me .我似乎觉得数学不难.但是,表“具体的学业、活动”等时,多用作复数.e.g.①Her mathematics are weak . 她数学差.（指“学业成绩、能力”）②What are your politics? 你的政治观点如何?2. “works工厂,means方法,series系列,species物种,aircraft飞机”等名词单、复数同形,要从上下文判断其具体意义来决定单、复数.e.g.①This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的.②Every means has (All means have) been tried. 各种办法都试过了.这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep ,headquarters (总部驻地),bellows(风箱), plastics, gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等.（但news（消息）是不可数名词,通常只作单数用.）Ⅴ. "the + 形容词/分词"做主语时：1. 指“一类”人或事物时,常用作复数用.e.g. ①The English speak English. 英国人讲英语.②The rejected were heaped in the corner. 废品堆在角落里.2.指“某一个”人,或“抽象的”事物时,作单数用.e.g.①The deceased was his father . 去世的是他父亲.②The agreeable is not always the useful. 好看的不一定中用.③The new and progressive always wins over the old. 新生、进步的事物总是要战胜旧的东西.Ⅵ.专用名词做主语时：1.“书名、剧名、报刊名、国家名”等通常作单数用.e.g.①The United States was founded in 1776. 美国成立于1776年.②The Arabian Nights is very interesting. 《天方夜谭》很有趣.2.“书刊名”有时作单数或复数两可,尤其是编成集子的书.e.g.Dickens' American Notes were (was ) published in 1842 .狄更斯所著的《美国笔记》出版于1842年.Ⅶ“what等引导的从句”做主语时：1. 大多作单数用.e.g.①What we need is more practice . 我们需要的是更多的实践.②What he says doesn't agree with what he does. 他言行不一致.2.若从句是含复数意义的并列结构、或“表语”是复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数两可.e.g.①What you say and think is /are no business of mine . 你怎么说以及怎么想,不关我的事.②What he bought was /were some books. 他所买的是几本书.【就近一致原则（Proximity）】也称“邻近原则”,即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致.I.在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等.e.g.①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关.②Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错.③Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备.④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了.2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致.e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声.②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书.II. 非正式文体中：有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”.e.g.Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿.（非正式）Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的.e.g.No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见.（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”.“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则.