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形容词、副词最高级怎样转换成比较级?(句型转换)

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形容词、副词最高级怎样转换成比较级?(句型转换)
(1)构成
1)规则副词变化规则:
单音节词和少数双音节词
构成规则
词尾+er或est
以e结尾的词加r或st
以辅音字母+y结尾的词改y为i,再加er或est
例词
fast
faster
fastest
late
later
latest
early
earlier
earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词
构成规则
在词前加more或most
例词
slowly
more slowly
most slowly
carefully
more carefully
most carefully
2)少数不规则副词变化形式:
原级
well
badly
little
much
far
比较级
better
worse
less
more
farther/further
最高级
best
worst
least
most
farthest/furthest
(2)副词比较等级的用法
1)同级比较:表示两者在某一方面程度相同时,用“as+副词原形+as”;前者不如后者,用“not so/ as+副词原形+as”.如:
The boys are listening as carefully as the girls.男生们跟女生们一样在认真地听.
He didn’t dance so / as well as Jim.他跳舞没有吉姆跳得好.
2)比较级:表示一方程度比另一方更高时,用“副词比较级+than”的句式.在这一句式中,当than前后的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词.该动词或助动词可以省略.如:
I sing better than she (does).我唱歌比她唱得好.
Trains run faster than cars.火车比汽车跑得快.
3)最高级:表示三个或三个以上的人或物比较时,用副词最高级.结构为:“the + 副词最高级 + 比较范围”.其中the常省去,比较范围常用of或in的介词短语.如:
Maria speaks English (the) best in our class.在我们班上,玛丽亚英语讲得最好.
He studies (the) hardest of the three boys.这三个男孩中,他学习最用功.
(3)学习副词的比较等级应注意的问题
1)副词的比较等级之间往往可以进行同义转换,即句子的意义相同,但句子的结构却不同.如:
Jane speaks English best in her class.
=Jane speaks English better than any other student in her class.简在班上英语讲得最好.
Bill runs faster than Jack.= Jack doesn’t run so fast as Bill.比尔比杰克跑得快.
2)副词最高级转换成比较级时,被比较的对象应用“any other +单数名词”或“the other + 复数名词”,排除主语本身.如:
Mark works hardest in his class.= Mark works harder than any other student in his class.
= Mark works harder than the other students in his class.马克在班上学习最用功.
3)副词比较级前常用much,a little,still,even修饰,表示“更……”,这也可以作为判断比较级的依据.如:
Alice sings well,but Jenny sings even better.艾丽丝歌唱得好,但是珍妮唱得更好.
My brother did much better in his lessons than I.我哥哥功课学得比我好多了.
Tony jumped a little farther than Sam.托尼跳得比萨姆远一点.
4)在运用not as/ so … as时,not应与系动词be,助动词do,does,did等连用,置于实义动词之前,系动词、助动词之后.如:
彼得起床没有保罗早.
Peter gets up not as early as Paul.(误)
Peter doesn’t get up as early as Paul.(正)
形容词、副词比较级、最高级
比较等级要变化,一般词尾加er (est);
词尾若有哑音e,直接加r (st)就可以;
一辅重读闭音节,辅音字母要双写;
辅音字母加上y,要把y来变为i.
说明:1.形容词(副词)比较级形式一般是由“adj./ adv.+er”构成,最高级“adj./ adv.+est”构成.
2.多音节和部分双音节形容词(副词)在词前加more和most构成比较级和最高级.
3.有些形容词(副词)的等级变化不规则,必须单独记.