英语翻译第二节Satisfaction of Members.As described in Chapter 17,em

英语翻译
第二节
Satisfaction of Members.
As described in Chapter 17,employees have
needs for belongingness and amliation Working in teams can help meet these
needs Participative teams reduce boredom and often increase employees' feel
lng of &gnity and self-worth because the whole person is employed.People who
have a satisfying team environment cope better with stress and enjoy their jobs
Expanded ]ob Knowledge and Skills.
The third major benefit of
using teams is the empowerment of employees to bring greater knowledge
and ability to the task For one thing,multiskdled employees learn all of
the jobs that the team performs.Teams gain the intellectual resources of sev-
eral members who can suggest shortcuts and offer alternative points of ew
for team decisions
Organizational Flexibility.
Traditional organizations are structured so
that each worker does only one specific job.But when employee teams are
used,from 5 to 15 people work next to one another and are able to exchange
jobs.Work can be reorganized and workers reallocated as needed to produce
products and services with.great flexibility The organization is able to be
responsive to rapidly changing customer needs
Potential Costs of Teams
When managers decide whether to use teams,they must assess certain costs
or liabilities associated with teamwork.When teams do not work very well,
the major reasons usually are power realignment,free riding,coordination
costs,or legal hassles.
Power Realignment.
When companies fo~shop workers into teams,
Ihe major losers are low- and middle-level managers.These managers are
reluctant to give up power.Indeed,when teams are successful,fewer super-
visors are needed This is especially true for self-directed teams,because
workers take over supervisory responsibibly The adjustmem is difficult for
managers who fear the loss of status or even their job and who have to learn
new,people-oriented skigs to survive?
Free Riding.
The term free rider refers to a team member who attains
benefit from team membership but does not do a proportionate share of the
work5s Free riding sometimes is called social loafing,because members do
not exert equal effort In large teams,some people are likely to work less
For example,research found that the pull exerted on a rope was greater hy
individuals working alone than hy individuals in a group.Similarl~people
who were asked to clap and make noise made more noise on a per person
basis when working alone or in small groups than they did in a large group)~
The problem ol free riding has been experienced by people who have par-
ticipated in student project groups Some students put more effort inlo the
group project than others,and often it seems that no members work as hard
for the group as they do for their individual grades.

满意的成员.
第17章所述,雇员
需要归属和amliation工作团队可以帮助满足这些
需要参与的团队减少解闷,而且往往增加雇员感觉
液化天然气的＆ gnity和自我价值,因为整个人就业.人
有一个令人满意的团队环境中更好地应付压力,并得到他们的就业机会
扩大]转播的知识和技能.
第三个大的好处
利用团队是赋予员工带来更大的知识
和能力的任务,为的一件事,就是multiskdled员工学习一切的
该工作队的表现而定.队赢得智力资源的内管-
纪要成员的人可以提出捷径,并提供另一种点的V 〜电子战
对于团队的决定
组织的灵活性.
传统的组织结构,使
每个工人是否只有一个具体的工作.但是,当员工队伍
使用,由5至15人,明年的工作对另外一个人,并能够交换
就业机会.工作可以改组和工人调配必要时出示
产品和服务.极大的灵活性,该组织是能够被
顺应瞬息万变的顾客需求
潜在成本队
当管理者决定是否使用队伍,他们必须评估某些费用
或有负债与团队合作.当团队不很好地工作,
主要的原因,通常是权力重组,免费搭车,协调
成本,或法律上的麻烦.
权力重组.
当公司〜车间工人到队,
IHE的大输家是低收入和中等水平的经理人.这些经理
不愿意放弃权力.事实上,当团队是成功的,少超
空需要这个,尤其是自编自导自队,因为
工人接管监督responsibibly该adjustmem难
经理人担心失去地位,甚至他们的工作,谁需要学习
新的,以人为本skigs生存?
免费搭车.
任期搭便车指的是一个团队成员的人已达到
受益于团队成员,但不这样做就按比例分担的
work5s免费搭车,有时被称为社会懈怠,因为大家做
不施加平等的努力,在大型团队的,有些人可能会少工作
例如,研究发现,有上拉施加一条绳子是更大路政署署长
个人的工作,仅比路政署署长个人一组.similarl 〜人
被要求拍手,使噪音更噪音就每人
基础工作时,单独或小群比在一个大集团） 〜
问题醇搭便车已经历过的人有洞
ticipated在学生项目团体部分学生把更多的努力inlo了
项目组比其他人,而且往往似乎并无成员工作作为硬
该集团为他们做他们的个别职系.