一般现在时,与一般过去时的语法是怎样的?

一般现在时,与一般过去时的语法是怎样的?

定义:一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作的时态. 构成：一般现在时用行为动词的原形,但第三人称单数作主语时,动词的词尾要加-S.（一般的动词词尾+S.以sh/ch/s/x结尾的词+es.以辅音字母Y结尾的把Y变成i,+es.辅音字母+o结尾的+es.) 形式:主语+动词原形+宾语 用法：1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用. 一般现在时的用法： 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用. 时间状语： always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month hardly ever,never. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实. The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 3) 表示格言或警句中. Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败. 2.表示主语具备的性格、能力和特征. 3.表示现在的状态. 4.表示客观事实和普遍真理. 5.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替将来时. 6.表示预先计划或安排好的行为. 7.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时. 8.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时,只用一般现在时,而不用进行时态. 9.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态 一般现在时的句子结构 1、当句子表状态说明主语是什么或怎么样时,其句型：主+BE动词（am, is, are）+表语,否定式是在BE动词后加not,疑问句是将BE动词提前到句首（即在主语之前） e.g. The twin sisters are from America. 这对孪生姐妹是美国人. The twin sisters are not from America. Are the twins from America? 2、当谓语由实义动词充当,主语不是第三人称单数时, 句子结构为：主语+动词原形+其它 否定式为：主语+don't+动词原形+其它 疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它? e.g. We speak Chinese. Do you speak Chinese? They don't speak Chinese. 当主语是第三人称单数时： 句子结构为 主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它. 否定式为：主语+doesn't+动词原形+其它. 疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它? 一、巧记一般过去时： 动词一般过去时,表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have,has变had； 谓语动词过去式,过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed,若是特殊得硬记. 否定句很简单,主语之后didn’t添； 疑问句也不难,did放在主语前； 不含be动词时 如果谓语之前有did,谓语动词需还原； 动词若是was,were,否定就把not添. 含be动词时 疑问句也不难,要把was,were放在主语前. 二、be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时,下面有一口诀,它可以帮你们更好地掌 握动词be的一般过去时. be的过去时有四巧： 一是时间状语巧, 表示过去的短语要记牢； 二是形式巧,单数was,复数were； 三巧是否定句结构,not紧跟was／were； 四是疑问句式巧,was／were向前跑(提前). 【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,恰巧 与表示过去的一些时间状语连用. 【二巧】形式巧.它与一般现在时一样,形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单 数时,谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时,谓语动词用were. 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning． 昨天早上我在教室里. He was at school last Tuesday． 上周二他在学校. They were over there a moment ago． 刚才他们在那边. 【三巧】否定句结构巧.与动词be的一般现在时一样,它在动词后面加not即可变成否定 句,并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't.即： 主语＋ wasn't／ weren't ＋ 表语 ＋ 其他.例如： I was not (＝wasn't) here yesterday． 昨天我不在这儿. My parents were not (＝weren't) at home last Sunday． 上周日我父母不在家. 【四巧】 疑问句式巧.把was, were提到句首,句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句.即： Was(Were) ＋ 主语 ＋表语 ＋ 其他?这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句 式相似.例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖ 前天你在家吗? Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗? 更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语＋was／were．”； 否定回答用“No,主语＋wasn't／weren't．”. 例如：—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖ 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗? —Yes, they were． (No, they weren't．) 是的,她们在.（不,她们不在.） 一、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空.(10) ( )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday． A． isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't ( )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖ A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were ( )3． The twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian last year． They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now． A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was ( )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖ A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after ( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖ —＿＿＿＿＿＿． A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't ( )6. I cleaned my classroom ___________. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before ( ) 7. I came _______ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back ( ) 8 . ___________? He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday ( ) 9. What did you do ________ ? I went to the movies. A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday ( ) 10. The koala sleeps _______,but gets up _________. A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during night C in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night 二、请用正确动词形式填空.(10) 1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________. 3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening? He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning. 6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year. 7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night. 8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________. 9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad. 10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.