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初一下册英语(仁爱)语法

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初一下册英语(仁爱)语法
初一.坐等
知识点 1 this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词,it是人称代词.
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用that.如:
This is a flower.这是一朵花.(近处)
That is a tree.那是一棵树.(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that.如:
This is a pen.That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔.那是一支铅笔.
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is…,不说That is….如:
This is Helen.Helen,this is Tom.这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆.
(5)This is 不能缩写,而That is可以缩写.如:
This is a bike.That’s a car.这是一辆自行车.那是一辆轿车.
(6)打电话时,介绍自己用this,询问对方用that.如:
—Hello!Is that Miss Green?喂,是格林小姐吗?
—Yes,this is.Who’s that?是的,我是,你是谁?
注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am…,Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,要用it代替this或that.如:
①—Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗?
—Yes,it is.是的,它是.
②—What’s that?那是什么?
—It’s a kite.是只风筝.
知识点 2 :There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型,表示"某处有某物"的意思,
肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语.
be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数
名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致.意思为"某地有某人或某
物".如:
There is an eraser and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔.
There are two pens and an eraser on the desk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮.
(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not.
否定形式为:There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语.
There is not any cat in the room.房间里没猫.
There aren't any books on the desk.桌子上没书.
(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语?肯定回答:Yes,there is /
are.否定回答:No,there isn't / aren't.
---Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗?
---Yes,there is.有.
---Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗?
---No,there aren't.没有.
(3)特殊疑问句:How many ...are there (+地点状语)?"某地有多少人或物?"回答用There be ...
There's one./ There are two / three / some ...
有时直接就用数字来回答.One./ Two ...
---How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生?
---There's only one./ There are nine.只有一个./有九个.
(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语?
How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水?
How much food is there in the bowl?碗里有多少食物?
巧辩异同 there be与 have(1) there be“拥有”,指(某地)存在“有”.
注意:have“有”,指人或某物“拥有”.The is a dog in the picture.The dog has two big eyes.
注:there be 遵循就近原则.be 用is还是are,取决于离该动词最近的那个名词.如果该名词是单数或不可数名词就
用is,如果是复数就用are.
知识点3 :次数,频度的表达方法:
(1)次数的表达方法:
一次 :once 两次:twice 三次以上:基数词 + times 如:three times 三次 four times四次
(2)频度表达方法:构成:次数 + a / an + 时间名词单数形式( minute,hour ,day ,week ,month ,year,century)
three times a day 一天三次 once a year 一年一次
注意:回答“how often”提问的问句,要用频度表达法.
How often do you wash hands —— three times an hou