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阅读:首字母填空

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老师,您好。每次我做首字母填空时都有点困难。您能给我一点诀窍吗?
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
填连词
连词是用来连接一个从句的,在分析确定填连词后,翻译一下上下句,连词就可以确定了。
常考的连词有b开头的but,because,before;u开头的until和unless;wh-的宾语从句的连接词;以及although,though,so等。
●中考真题练习
【例1】 A month later, Christopher hadn’t heard from Jeff or received any money, s_________ he phoned him.(2004年中考)
【分析】 he phoned him是一个句子,前面又是个逗号,确定其为前句的从句,翻译一下句意就知道两句是因果关系:Christopher没有收到Jeff的来信,或任何钱,所以他打电话给他了。确定填so。
【例2】 I asked him w________ he was going and he said he was going to work.(2006年中考)
【分析】 he was going是I asked him的宾语从句,w开头的肯定是连接词,分析从句缺少的成分,go后可填疑问副词when或where,再看后文提示he was going to work,确定where而不是when。
【例3】 And even if you aren’t very rich, you want people to think that you are. That is w_________ “Keeping up with the Joneses” is about.(2011年静安区一模试卷)
【分析】 “Keeping up with the Joneses” is about是That is 后的表语从句,w是连接词,分析后句about 后缺少宾语,应填疑问代词who或what, 再分析前句you want people to think that you are为sth. ,确定填what。
【例4】 Often they can not find a person in time. If they have a way to keep the blood u_______ someone needs it, they can always have the right kind of blood.(2011年卢湾区一模试卷)
【分析】 someone needs it是they have a way to keep the blood 的从句,u开头的连词只有until和unless,翻译一下两个句子,“如果他们有一种方法保持血液直到有人需要它,他们就能一直得到合适血型了”。确定until。
填连词基本是一个送分的空,同学们只要知道分析确定好从句,基本这两分就搞定了。
填副词
如何确定填副词,首先要清楚副词的位置,它的位置一般在:
1)动词,形容词,地点、时间状语前,起强调作用
2)动词后修饰,进一步说明
3)句前句后表示时间,地点
常考的副词有:表强调的副词only,even,especially,still,also,always,almost,already;表否定的 hardly,never,seldom,rarely等;句中用逗号隔开的however,句后的again,together,altogether,instead,soon,anywhere等,句前的sometimes,usually等。平时同学们在做题时多留心,多总结高频出现的词,对增加做题的信心很有帮助。
●中考真题练习
【例5】 Alana was on the diet or two months. Her doctor was pleased with her. “ You have been very good,” he said “ You can eat some of the foods you like best. But only a little. Don’t eat too many sweets….If you do, you will get a lot of weight a_________.
… “ But when you eat it, it makes you sick. It’s not a good food for you.” “ You are right,” said Frank. “ Well, I’ll eat more cake i_________.(2002年中考)
【分析】 这是2002年中考出现的两题填副词,都在句末,分析句子不缺少主要成分,基本确定填副词,再略微看一下上下文,脑子里的常用副词放一遍,确定填again 及instead。
【例6】 Christopher knew that Jeff was not very good with money , but he s________ agreed. As they were old friends, they didn’t put anything in writing.(2004年中考)
【分析】 2004年中考出现的是动词前的副词,动词前的副词不是强调就是否定,看一下句意,确定应填肯定,就不能填seldom,而是填still。
【例7】 Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a computer and, the better you read, the better your computer skills will be. Reading is h______ out of date!(2005年中考)
【分析】 2005年中考出现的也是动词前的副词,动词前的副词不是强调就是否定,看一下句意,确定应填否定,h开头当然是hardly了。
【例8】 I realized that he was Jack, a friend from my school days in Scotland. At the same time he a______ realized who I was.(2006年中考)
【分析】 以a开头的副词,同学们常常不能很好地确定是also、always还是almost。我们不妨先学习填also的诀窍:如果本句所述内容与上句一致,如此句中的动作与上句一致,都是realize,就确定填also(也)。
【例9】 Have a warm bath--- it’s a great way to relax. But n_______ stay in there too long. More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy.(2007 年中考)
【分析】 此处需填的副词很多同学都填错为not,就是没有掌握好基本规则,动词前用副词never、not必须与助动词连用,而no后必须接名词。
副词是每一年中考必考的一项,2009年考了again,2010年考了hardly 和together。同学们必须记住常考的一些副词及位置,副词这2-4分就能轻而易举地拿到手了。
填代词
在首字母填空中常填的是不定代词和反身代词,我们如果能够正确地分析句子所缺成分,这类填词很容易得分了。
●中考真题练习
【例10】 E_________ went wrong at the station. People were late and they were panicking(惊恐)!(2006年中考)
【分析】 本句缺少的是主语,主语不是“sb”就是“sth.”,如果你知道这个基本填主语都为不定代词的规律,这个空就很容易得分了,此处即可填everything也可填everybody。
【例11】 If you can’t get to sleep after half an hour , get up and do s__________ quiet, like reading .(2007年中考)
【分析】 本句动词do后缺少宾语sth.,加上后面又有形容词提示,因为只有不定代词才可以放在形容词前,确定填something。
【例12】 We switched off the TV when n __________ was watching it.(2009年中考)
【分析】 本句缺少的是主语,从句意分析又是否定含义,且代指人,当然填nobody。
除了做主语和宾语的不定代词外,常考的还有名词前的another 和other。如2011年虹口和卢湾等区的一模试卷都考到了another。
⑴The movies from Bollywood are very different from Hollywood movies….
A ________ big difference between Bollywood and Hollywood movies is the way movies are made.(2011年虹口区一模试卷)
⑵ But there are two problems. …
There is a________ problem. ….(2011年卢湾区一模试卷)
填形容词、名词、动词
形容词、名词、动词的范围比较广,无法靠规律记忆,所以老师出题时一定会给你上下文的语义提示,同学在做题时要在先确定所缺词性和句子成分后,再仔细阅读上下文,根据上下文的语境提示确定词意。做题方式相似于做完形填空,下面以从上下文分析形容词的词意为例,教同学们如何分析上下文。
●中考真题练习
【例13】 The doctors hope the diets will make the people feel b_______. They hope the diets will make the people healthy.(2002年中考)
【分析】 后句They hope the diets will make the people healthy 给我们提示,所以前文应该the diets will make the people feel better.
【例14】 As your reading improves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much e_________. (2005年中考)
【分析】 前文的improve是关键词,提示后文的词意应该是“容易”,注意词性和词形变化,填easier。
【例15】 Drink a glass of warm milk fifteen minutes before you go to bed — it helps you to relax. But don’t drink coffee or tea,they have chemicals which will make it d________ for you to sleep.(2007年中考)
【分析】 此句的but是关键词,说明此句的内容要与上句相反,而上句是it(milk) helps you to relax, 表示牛奶使人容易入睡,后句有了转折,意味着coffee or tea使人难以入睡,所以填difficult。
此外,首字母填空还是个综合考核项目,我们在填写单词时要根据上下文注意词形的变化,如名词的单复数、动词的时态形式、形容词的级等。
总之,要想做好首字母填空,除了掌握必要的巧方法外,更多的还是需要增加平时的阅读量,做好词汇、语法知识等的积累。
最终答案:略