英语翻译size and the globular structure of the dendrimers enable

英语翻译
size and the globular structure of the dendrimers enable efficient separation
by nanofiltration techniques.Nanofiltration can be performed either batchwise
or in a continuous-flow membrane reactor (CFMR),which offers major
advantages,particularly for reactions that benefit from low substrate (reactant)
concentrations or suffer from side reactions of the products.Membrane
reactors have been investigated since the 1970s [19].Although membranes
can have several functions in a reactor,the most obvious is the separation
of reaction components.Initially the focus has been mainly on polymeric
membranes applied in enzymatic reactions,and ultrafiltration of enzymes
is commercially applied on large scale for the synthesis of fine chemicals
(e.g.,L-methionine) [20–24].Membrane materials have been improved significantly
over those applied initially,and nanofiltration membranes suitable
to retain relatively small compounds are now available commercially (e.g.,
mass cut-off of 400–750 D).
Whether dendritic catalysis can compete successfully in commercial applications
with other strategies that allow recycling of the catalyst remains to be
seen.Dendrimer supports are still relatively expensive,but for applications
that do not require the well-defined structure of the dendrimer support,hyperbranched
polymers can offer a cheaper alternative.A recent novel strategy
in this research area that might provide the added value required to make the
step towards commercial applications involves the noncovalent functionalization
of dendritic support with catalysts (Fig.1).This offers several advantages
above the traditional covalent approaches.In this chapter we will review the
progress in the area of supramolecular dendritic catalysis.

大小和dendrimers的球状结构使能高效率的分离
by nanofiltration技术.Nanofiltration可以执行任一batchwise 在一台连续流膜反应器(CFMR)的or,提供少校
advantages,特别受益于低基体的反应的(反应剂)
concentrations或遭受产品的副反应.膜
reactors从20世纪70年代[19]被调查了.虽然膜
can有几个作用在反应器,最明显是分离
of反应组分.最初焦点主要在聚合物
membranes在酶酵素的反应和超过滤申请了
is在美好的化学制品综合的大规模商业申请了
(即,L氨基甲硫基丁酸) [20–24].膜材料是显著改善的那些最初申请的over和适当nanofiltration的膜
to保留相对地小化合物商业现在是可利用的(即,400–750 D) mass切除.
Whether树状催化在商务应用可能顺利地竞争with允许回收催化剂的其他战略保持是
seen.Dendrimer支持为应用仍然是相对地昂贵的,但是
that不要求dendrimer支持,hyperbranched 的明确定义的结构polymers可能提供一个更加便宜的选择.一个最近新颖的战略
in也许提供要求的净增值做的这个研究领域往商务应用的step介入noncovalent functionalization 与催化剂(图1)的of树状支持.这提供几好处
above传统共价方法.在本章我们将回顾
progress在超分子的树状催化区域.