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英语翻译In North America and Latin America,three phase service i

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英语翻译
In North America and Latin America,three phase service is often a Y (wye) in which the neutral is directly connected to the center of the generator rotor.Wye service resists transients better than delta,since the distributed neutral provides a low-resistance metallic return to the generator.Wye service is recognizable when a grid has four wires,one of which is lightly insulated.
Many areas in the world use single phase 220 V or 230 V residential and light industrial service.In this system,a high voltage distribution network supplies a few substations per city,and the 230V power from each substation is directly distributed.A hot wire and neutral are connected to the building from one phase of three phase service.
In the U.S.and parts of Canada and Latin America,single phase service is the most common.Split phase provides both 120 V and 240 V service with only three wires.Split phase has substations that provide intermediate voltage.The house voltages are provided by neighborhood transformers that lower the voltage of a phase of the distributed three-phase.The neutral is directly connected to the three-phase neutral.Socket voltages are only 120 V,but 240 V is available for heavy appliances because the two two halves of a phase oppose each other.
Japan has a large number of small industrial manufacturers,and therefore supplies standard low voltage three phase service in many suburbs.Also,Japan normally supplies residential service as two phases of a three phase service,with a neutral.
Rural services normally try to minimize the number of poles and wires.Single-wire earth return (SWER) is the least expensive,with one wire.It uses high voltages,which in turn permit use of galvanized steel wire.The strong steel wire permits inexpensive wide pole spacings.Other areas use high voltage split-phase or three phase service at higher cost.
The least expensive network has the fewest transformers,poles and wires.Some experts say that this is three-phase delta for industrial,SWER for rural service,and 230 V single phase for residential and light industrial.The system of three-phase Wye feeding split phase is flexible and somewhat more resistant to geomagnetic faults,but more expensive.
Two frequencies are in wide use.60 Hz permits slightly smaller transformers and is usually associated with 120 V wall sockets.50 Hz is more common outside North America and is associated with 230 V wall sockets.Large electrical networks tightly control the line frequencies.The short term accuracy is normally better than 0.1 Hz.The long term accuracy is controlled by making up "lost" cycles so that electric clocks maintain correct time.
Electricity meters use different equations for each distribution system.
在北美和拉丁美洲,三相供电总是 Y型(星形接线),中性线在Y接线中直接连接到发动机转子的中心.星形接线供电比三角接线更经得住瞬变现象,因为配电中性线向发动机配置低电阻金属回线.栅格具有四根线的时候,星形接线供电很容易辨认,其中一根轻度绝缘.
世界许多地区使用三项220 V or 230 V住宅与轻工业供电.在这种体系中,高电压配电网提向每个城市的变电站送电,从每个变电站出来的230V电能直接输送.热线和中性点从三项中的一项连接到建筑物.
在美国、加拿大部分地区和拉丁美洲,单项供电是最普通的.分相供电仅用三线提供120V和240V两种电压.分项供电有提供中间电压的变电站.住宅电压由邻近的供应中间电压的变压器提供,这些变压器把分布式三项中的一项电压降低.中性线直接与三项中性线连接.插口电压仅仅是120V,但是由于一项中的两部分相互冲突的缘故,240V只对大量供电有效.
日本有大量的工业制造厂,因此在许多郊外提供标准的低压三项电.日本同样用中性线作为三项中的两项提供通常的用住宅电.
乡村供电通常是图示电杆和电线减少到最少.单线大地回路(SWER)用一根线费用最低.它使用高电压,这种电压允许使用镀锌钢线.结实的钢线允许花钱少的大间距线杆.其他地区使用更高成本的高压分相或三项供电.
花费较小的电网变压器、线杆和电线最少.有些专家说这是工业三项三角线路,农村单线大地回路线路,住宅和轻工业230V单项线路.三项Y型馈电分相体系灵活,在某种程度上更能抗拒地磁故障但价格却更便宜.
两种频率广泛使用.60赫兹允许稍小一些的变压器,通常与120V墙壁插座配合使用;50赫兹在北美以外更加常见,配合230V墙壁插座使用.大型电力网严格地控制线路频率.短期精确度通常优于0.1赫兹.常期精确度由弥补“损耗”循环控制,以使电钟保持争取时间.
电气仪表对每一种配电系统使用不同的平衡方式.