医学论文英汉求助翻译一部分英文,不要在线翻译的,那个我也会,要手动翻译的,别太离谱就行了INTRODUCTIONThe

医学论文英汉
求助翻译一部分英文,不要在线翻译的,那个我也会,要手动翻译的,别太离谱就行了
INTRODUCTION
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the bottleneck in brain drug development and is the single most important factor limiting the future growth of neurotherapeutics.The BBB problem is illustrated in Figure 1,which is a whole body autoradiogram of a mouse sacrificed 30 min after intravenous injection of radiolabeled histamine,a small molecule of only 100 Da in molecular mass.Histamine readily crosses the porous capillaries perfusing all peripheral tissues but is excluded from entry into the brain or spinal cord by the BBB.
The histamine example in Figure 1 refutes a common misconception that most small molecules readily cross the BBB.As discussed below,the transport of small molecules across the BBB is the exception rather than the rule,and 98% of all small molecules do not cross the BBB (FIG.1).Moreover,all large-molecule products of biotechnology,such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs),recombinant proteins,antisense,or gene therapeutics,do not cross the BBB (FIG.1).Despite the large number of patients with disorders of the CNS and despite the fact that so few large- or small-molecule therapeutics cross the BBB,there are few pharmaceutical companies in the world today that have built a BBB drug targeting program (FIG.1).However,even if a pharmaceutical company decided to develop a BBB program,there would be few BBB-trained scientists to hire because less than 1% of U.S.academic neuroscience programs emphasize BBB transport biology.
Because most drugs do not cross the BBB,and because the industry is not providing solutions to the BBB problem,it is not surprising that most disorders of the CNS could benefit from improved drug therapy (FIG.2).For a small-molecule drug to cross the BBB in pharmacologically significant amounts,the molecule must have the dual molecular characteristics of:1) molecular mass under a 400- to 500-Da threshold,and 2) high lipid solubility.1 There are only four categories of CNS disorders that consistently respond to such molecules,and these include affective disorders,chronic pain,and epilepsy (FIG.2).Migraine headache may be a CNS disorder and could also be included in this category.In contrast,most CNS disorders such as those listed in Figure2 have few treatment options.Parkinson’s disease patients are given L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) for dopamine replacement therapy.2 As discussed below in the section on BBB carrier-mediated transport,L-DOPA is an example of a BBB drug targeting strategy.However,there is no neurotherapeutic that stops the neurodegeneration of Parkinson’s disease.Similarly,there is no therapy for other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Huntington’s disease,and amytrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
不要在线翻译的
30分是我全部的资产了
跪求大大翻译

血脑障壁（BBB）是脑部药物发展的瓶颈,是最重要限制神经病疗法未来的增长的因素.BBB的问题如图1所示,这是一只白鼠在静脉注射放射性组胺30分钟后的全身自动射线图像,只有约100多巴胺分子质量小的分子.组胺容易穿过周围组织灌注所有,但由多孔的毛细血管进入大脑或脊髓通过血脑屏障进入排除在外.图1中的组胺的例子反驳一个普遍的误解,大多数小分子容易穿过血脑屏障.如下文所述,跨越血脑屏障的小分子运输是例外而非规则,所有的小分子的98％不越过血脑屏障（图1）.此外,所有大型生物分子产品,如单克隆抗体（单抗）,重组蛋白,反义,或基因疗法,没有越过血脑屏障（图1）.尽管患者的中枢神经系统的疾病,尽管大量事实如此少的大或小分子疗法跨血脑屏障,有一些制药公司在当今世界已经建立了一个血脑屏障靶向药物方案（图1 ）.然而,即使一家制药公司决定开发为BBB方案,将有一些为BBB -训练有素的科学家,因为雇用不足1％,美国学术神经科学课程强调血脑屏障运输生物学.由于大多数药物不会穿越血脑屏障,而且由于行业不提供的BBB级问题的解决方案,它是不足为奇的中枢神经系统疾病最可能受益于改善药物治疗（图2）.对于小分子药物跨越血脑屏障大量药理,分子必须具有双分子特征：根据400 1）的分子质量 - 至500大的门槛,而2）高血脂溶解度.1只有四中枢神经系统疾病,始终应对这种分子,其中包括情感障碍,慢性疼痛,癫痫（图2）两类.偏头痛可能是中枢神经系统紊乱,也可纳入这个类别.相反,大多数中枢神经系统,如在图2中所列的疾病有几个治疗方案.帕金森氏症患者是L -二羟基苯（L -多巴）的多巴胺替代疗法.2给出血脑屏障讨论的载体介导的运输区段下方,L -多巴是一个血脑屏障药物靶向策略的例子.然而,没有神经疗法是停止帕金森病的神经退行性病变.同样,也没有如阿尔茨海默氏病,亨廷顿氏病,和amytrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）的其他神经退行性疾病的治疗.