capital punishment中英文

capital punishment中英文
关于反对死刑的文章

Capital punishment,the death penalty or execution,is the killing of a person by judicial process for retribution and incapacitation.Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as capital crimes or capital offences.The term capital originates from Latin capitalis,literally "regarding the head" (Latin caput).Hence,a capital crime was originally one punished by the severing of the head.
Capital punishment has been practiced in virtually every society,excluding those with state religious proscriptions against it.It is a matter of active controversy in various states,and positions can vary within a single political ideology or cultural region.A major exception is in Europe,where Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits the practice.[1]
Today,most countries are considered by Amnesty International as abolitionists,[2] which allowed a vote on a resolution to the UN to promote the abolition of the death penalty.[3] But more than 60% of the worldwide population live in countries where executions take place in so far as the four most populous countries in the world (such as People's Republic of China,India,United States and Indonesia) apply the death penalty and are unlikely to abolish it soon.
死刑,又称生命刑,也称为极刑,世界上最古老的刑罚之一,指行刑者基于法律所赋予的权力,结束一个犯人的生命.而遭受这种剥夺生命的刑罚方法的有关犯人通常都在当地犯了严重罪行.尽管这“严重罪行”的定义时常有争议,但在现时保有死刑的国家中,一般来说,“蓄意杀人”必然是犯人被判死刑的其中一个重要理由.
死刑造成的最大问题在于完全无法补救司法造成的错误（司法出错的机率不低）、另外死刑的执行也会杀死重要人证；例如在美国有强暴犯因DNA测试而在十数年后平反的例子[1]、澳大利亚也有在处死后18年发现是冤死的例子[2]、台湾的苏建和案因为主犯被枪决而无法破案或平反、中国大陆的滕兴善死刑冤案[3].