英语翻译1.Introduction — evolution from 2G to 3GFollowing the ph

英语翻译
1.Introduction — evolution from 2G to 3G
Following the phenomenal success of second generation global system for mobile communications (GSM) systems,the world has turned its attention to third generation mobile systems (3G).New radio spectrum has been allocated for these network sand over the last 12 months there has been global activity to license this spectrum.Licences have been awarded in a number of ways including ‘beauty contests’ and (often costly) auctions.Technologists have joined forces to specify the standards for3G.This paper describes the drivers for 3G and the commercial model that is emerging.The benefits that 3G technology will provide for business and consumer products are identified.A component-based approach to application and product development is described,based on the important value add features of mobile systems.Finally,mobile terminals,billing and payment,and customer care are also considered as they are vital to the overall customer experience.
Mobile telephones have been a tremendous success story.Although GSM was originally conceived as a pan-European system there are now over 400 operators in157 countries worldwide [1].Since the launch of the first GSM systems in the early nineties,customer numbers have grown very quickly resulting in today’s highly competitive mass market.In particular,the more recent development of ‘pre-pay’ packages has been very successful in attracting new customers.For many mobile operators more than 50%of their customers use pre-pay.At present,GSM use is dominated by voice services,although there has been a great increase in uses for the short message service (SMS),a text-based messaging system.GSM provides a ‘circuit switched’ data service similar to PSTN dial-up data services.The nominal GSM data rate is 9.6 k bit/s.In recent years,a new coding scheme has been approved that takes this data rate to 14.4 k bit/s although not all operators will adopt this.However,these data rates do not provide high speed access to services such as e-mail and the World Wide Web (WWW).Also,the use of ‘circuit-switched’ connections,where the channel is dedicated to one user,is not the most efficient way of carrying the ‘bursty’ traffic of these types of services that are accessed over the Internet.

1 .引言-从2G向3G演进以下的骄人成就,第二代全球移动通信系统( GSM )整合 系统后,世界将注意力转向第三代移动通信系统( 3G )的.新的无线电频谱已分配给这些网络砂过去12个月以来的全球活动 为了License本谱.牌照已颁发了一系列措施,包括'选美'和(常常是昂贵)拍卖.技师联手具体标准for3g .本文介绍的司机和3G的商业模式正在出现.利益,3G技术将为企业和消费者的产品鉴定.基于组件的方法,应用和产品开发,是描述的基础上,重要的价值增加的特点移动通信系统.最后,移动终端,计费和支付,和客户服务,也视为他们是非常重要的客户整体体验.移动电话已一个巨大的成功故事.虽然GSM的原来设想是一个泛欧洲系统,目前已有超过400个营in157世界各国[1] .自推出第一GSM系统在90年代初,客户数量增长十分迅速形成,在当今高度竞争的大众市场.尤其是,最近研制的预付费'软件包已非常成功地吸引新客户.许多移动运营商超过50%的客户使用的预付费.目前,GSM使用的是由语音服务 虽然有了很大提高,为利用短信服务( SMS ) ,以文本为基础的信息系统.提供GSM的一个电路开关的数据服务,类似于PSTN的拨号数据服务.名义上GSM数据速率是9.6钾比特/秒.近年来,一种新的编码方案已获批准,借此数据速率为14.4钾比特/秒,虽然不是所有的经营者 将采用这个.然而,这些数据率,不提供高速接驳服务,如电子邮件和万维网( WWW ) .而且,使用的电路交换的连接,而通道,是专门为一个用户,并非最有效率的方式进行'突发'交通这些类型的服务,上网率达 互联网.