求这些题目的答案,谢谢了!

In ancient times the most important examinations were
spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient GreeceandRome,
testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.

In theEuropean
universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees
had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a
special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process
of testing candidates (考生) for the doctor’s degree.

Generally, however, modern examiniations are written.
The written examination, where all students are tested on the same questions,
was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into
existence with the great increase in population and development of modernindustry. A room full of
candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and
carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an
automobile factory. Certainly, during examinations teachers and studens are
expected to act like machines.

One type of test is sometimes called an objective (客观) test. It is intended to deal with facts,
not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series
of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each
question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that
look like answers to students who have not learned the material properly.

16. In the Middle Ages students ______.

A. took objective tests

B. were timed by electric clocks

C. specialized in one subhect

D.never
wrote exams

17. The main idea of paragraph 3 is that _____.

   A. workers
now take examinatoins

   B. the
population has grown

   C. there are
only written exams today

   D. examinations
are now written and timed

18. The kind of exams where students must select
answers are ____________.

   A. personal

B. spoken

C. objective

D. written

19. Modernindustry
must have developed ________.

   A. before the
Middle Ages

   B. inGreeceorRome

   C. around the
19^th century

   D. machines
to take tests

20. It may be concluded that testing ______.

   A. should
tast only opinions          

 B. has
changed since the Middle Ages           

C. should always be written

D. is given only in factories