三种过去时态的用法"一般过去时""现在完成时""过去完成时"这三种时态具体是怎样用的,

三种过去时态的用法
"一般过去时"
"现在完成时"
"过去完成时"
这三种时态具体是怎样用的,

一般过去时：
一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作（即：非持续性动作）,也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作.一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去.
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话.(1)
He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,烟抽得可凶了.(2)
一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如：yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等.
句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响.
Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?（意思是说你现在不饿吗?）
Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了.（意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再吃了.）
When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?（关心的是吃的动作发生在何时.）
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的.
Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作.
I used to work fourteen hours a day. 过去常常一天干十四个小时.
现在完成时：
表示(1)目前已经完成的动作,或(2)刚刚完成的动作,也可以表示(3)从过去某一刻发生,现在仍然延续着的动作或情况.这个时态强调动作对现在的影响.
The conference has lasted for five days. 会议已经开了五天.
He has just bought an unusual car. 他刚刚买到一辆不一般的小轿车.
当句子中出现表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时,谓语动词一般用现在完成时: 这类状语有：up to now, up till now, so far, these days, this summer, for 后面接一段时间的短语或 since 等:
We haven’t seen each other again since we graduated in 1987. 1987年毕业后我们就一直没见面.
Up till now we have established ten projects. 到目前为止我们共上了十个项目.
So far they have only learned the first three chapters. 到现在为止他们只学了前三章.
We haven’t had much rain this summer. 今年夏天没下多少雨.
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作.
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”.
具体如下：
过去完成时的基本用法
（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”.可以用by,
before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示.例如：
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the
spaceship.到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片.
（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用.例如：
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally
came.当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟.
He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作.
（3）叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时.例如：
Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of
mine.史密斯先生昨天去世了.他以前是我的好友.
I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my
lesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课.
（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时.例如：
I returned the book that I had borrowed.我已归还了我借的书.
She found the key that she had lost.她丢失的钥匙找到了.
（5）过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前.例如：
He said that he had known her well.他说他很熟悉她.
I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了.
（6）在包含有when,
until等连词的复合句中,如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的,那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示.例如：
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.我醒来时雨已停了.
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished he work.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉.
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时.例如：
After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his
English.马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平.
（7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan,
intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等.例如：
They had wanted to help but could not get there in
time.他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里.
We had hoped to be able to come and see you .我们本来希望能来看看你.
（8）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)
time (that)…等固定句型中.例如：
Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted
him.他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他.
No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.他刚到就又走了.
It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.这是他那一年第三次失业了.