求高二英语的重点短语、单词、句型

求高二英语的重点短语、单词、句型
复习用 （主要用必修五的）

1. belief n.信仰；信任；信心 – believe v.相信 –believable adj.可信的
经典例句：His belief is to enter Beijing University for further education.
他的信念是进入北京大学,继续深造.
beyond belief无法令人相信；令人难以置信
His story is beyond belief.
他的话难以置信.
I don’t believe you.
我不信你说的话.
Do you believe in ghosts?
你相信有鬼吗?
2. convince vt.使确信；使信服 同义词：persuade
He convinced me that I should study law.他
劝我应该学法律.
It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.
花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪.
We convinced Anne to go by train rather than by plane.
我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走.
3. attempt n.努力；尝试；企图；vt.尝试；企图
make an attempt at doing sth.试图做某事
make a successful attempt to do成功地做了某事=succeed in doing sth.=manage to do sth.
attempt to do sth.= try to do sth.
She made an attempt to cook the dinner.
她试着做这顿饭.
Some countries attempt to limit Chinese development.
一些国家企图限制中国的发展.
试一试： A man is being questioned in relation to the ______ murder last night.
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
答案：C 句意为：“一个涉嫌参与昨天夜里企图谋杀的人正在接受审讯.”Attempted adj.“未遂的”符合题意.advise v.劝说；attend v.参加； admit v.承认
4. focus v.（使）集中（多指把光、热、射线等集中在一点,也可指把精力、思想、注意力等集中在某一方面,常构成短语focus on
All eyes were focused on him.所有人的目光都集中在他的身上.
转化：focus n.（兴趣、活动等的）焦点；中心
Liu Xiang became the focus of everyone’s attention after winning the Olympic gold medal.获得奥运金牌后,刘翔成了大家关注的焦点.
5. convey vt.传达；运送
convey one’s feelings/thanks to sb.向某人表达……感情/谢意
convey sb./ sth. to sp. 把某人/物运送到某地
I found it hard to convey my feelings in words.
我觉得难以用言语来表达我的感情.
A bus conveys passengers to the airport.
一辆公共汽车把旅客送到机场.
6. manage to do sth.= succeed in doing sth.=was/were able to do sth.设法成功地做到了某事
At last we managed to understand her body language.
最后我们终于明白了她的身势语.
Without her I should not have managed it.
要是没有她的话,我是办不到这一点的.
7. risk n.冒险；风险 risk vt.冒……的危险
at risk = in danger
at the risk of 冒着……之险；不顾……之风险
run/take the risk of 冒着……的危险
risk one’s life in doing sth. 冒着……生命危险做……
risk doing sth.
They risked losing everything.
8. glance vi.看一下；扫视 n.一瞥
glance at一瞥 联想：glare at 怒视 stare at 盯着看
at a glance一见就…… take a glance at 看一看
He saw at a glance that she was coming.
他一眼就看到她来了.
9. decrease vi. & vt.减少（使变小或变少）
decrease by降低了多少 be decreased in sth. 在……方面有所降低
There was a decrease in the number of children in school.
在校的儿童人数有所减少.
10. impress vt.给予……深刻印象 impression n. impressive adj.
impress sb. with sth. 给某人留下深刻的印象
impress on sb. sth.使某人对……印象深刻
leave/give sb. a strong impression 给某人留下深刻的印象
I impressed on him the importance of his work.
我使他注意他的工作的重要性.
11. guarantee vt.& n.保证；担保
一、 重点句型解析
　　
　　 1. 否定倒装形式
　　 【课文原句】
　　 Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamed of.（Unit 1）
　　 【经典考例】
　　 Mary never does any reading in the evening,__________.(NMET 2005全国卷III)
　　 A. so does John B. John does too
　　 C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
　　 【考点解析】 答案为D.John也如此,前一句含有否定词never,所以用D.具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,句子一般采用倒装语序(谓语前置) .这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly以及not only ... but (also), no sooner ... than, hardly ... when, scarcely ... when等等.
　　 2. 形容词作状语
　　 【课文原句】
　　 Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory.
　　 【经典考例】
　　 __________and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (NMET 2006全国卷I)
　　 A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising
　　 【考点解析】 答案为B.本题考查形容词作状语,形容词或形容词短语作状语通常说明主语行为的原因、方式、伴随状况等.surprised在此处用作形容词(惊奇的) ,表示伴随状态,与happy并列.因为逻辑主语是Tony,所以不用surprising.Being surprised中的being通常省略.
　　 3. 句型“A is to B what C is to D.”
　　 【课文原句】
　　 A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
　　 【经典考例】
　　 Engines are to machines__________hearts are to animals. (NMET 2007山东)
　　 A. as B. that C. what D. which
　　 【考点解析】 答案为C.句意“发动机之于机器就如同心脏之于动物一样.”考查句型“A is to B what C is to D”,意思是“A对B之关系犹如C对D之关系一样”.其中what为表语从句引导词,其在表语从句中充当的也是表语.
　　 4. 同位语从句
　　 【课文原句】
　　 The idea that England stands for Fish & Chips, the Speakers’ Corner, Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
　　 【经典考例】
　　 —It’s thirty years since we last met.
　　 —But I still remember the story, believe it or not,__________we got lost on a rainy night. (NMET 2006四川)
　　 A. which B. that
　　 C. what D. when
　　 【考点解析】 答案为B.that引导同位语从句,说明其具体内容.注意此句中的名词与其同位语从句被插入语believe it or not分隔开了.
　　 5. 表示地点的介词短语或副词等放在句首时引起的完全倒装
　　 【课文原句】
　　 Between Britain and Ireland in the Irish Sea lies the small Isle of Man.
　　 【经典考例】
　　 At the foot of the mountain__________. (NMET 2006四川)
　　 A. a village lie
　　 B. lies a village
　　 C. does a village lie
　　D. lying a village
　　 【考点解析】 答案为B.表示地点的at the foot of, in the distance, to the east of, in front of等介词短语置于句首时,句子要完全倒装.
　　 6. be of ＋ 名词结构
　　 【课文原句】 They realize that it is of great value to record and teach them to the younger generation.
　　 【经典考例】 You’ll find this map of great __________in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998)
　　 A. price B. cost
　　 C. value D. usefulness
　　 【考点解析】 答案为C.考查of ＋ 名词结构.当“be + of + 名词”结构中的名词是抽象名词时,相当于其中名词所对应的形容词的意思,说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性.此外,当“be + of + 名词”结构中的名词为size, kind, type, price, height, depth, width, length, age, shape, colour等表种类、数量、度量等时,表示的是不同的人或物的共同特征,此时名词前通常带有冠词.
　　 7. before用作连词的用法
　　 【课文原句】
　　 Xiaohua knows that she will die before she has a chance to grow old.
　　 【经典考例】
　　 1) The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time__________we meet them again.
　　 A. after B. before C. since D. when
　　 2) It __________long before we__________ the result of the experiment.
　　 A. will not be; will know
　　 B. is; will know
　　 C. will not be; know
　　 D. is; know
　　 【考点解析】 例1答案为B.考查句型It was not long before ... “不久就……”.注意before其它句型：“It was + 时间段 + before ...”,表示“过了多久才……”； “It will be (not) + 时间段 + before ...”,表示“要过多久 / 不久……才……”.例2答案为C. before在本题中用于否定句,译作“要不了多久就会……”,再由时间状语从句要用一般现在时代替一般将来时的用法可知C项为正确答案.句意是“要不了多久我们就会知道试验的结果了”.
　　 8. 动词-ing作结果状语
　　 【课文原句】
　　 Cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time, making it difficult for the body to function properly.
　　 【经典考例】
　　 He hurried to the station only __________ that the train had left. (NMET 2005 广东)
　　 A. to find B. finding
　　 C. found D. to have found
　　 【考点解析】 答案为A.句意“他匆忙赶到车站,结果却发现火车已经离开了.”动词-ing作结果状语,常表示一种自然而然的结果；动词不定式作结果状语,表示一种出乎意料的结果,常与only连用.
Lack of interest is a guarantee of failure.