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英语翻译Provides a missing link between the Gricean Cooperative

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:拍题作业网作业帮 分类:综合作业 时间:2024/03/29 16:25:16
英语翻译
Provides a missing link between the Gricean Cooperative Principle and the problem of Politeness is a wide spread social phenomenon; it is a social contract,which has its binding effect on every member of society.As a universal element in human interactions,politeness plays a crucial role in helping to maintain social equilibrium and friendly relations,and it is a means to avoid conflicts in human interaction.Since cultures vary from one another,the ways and strategies that people from different cultural adopt in getting along with each other also differ.
The politeness principle is a series of maxims,which Geoff Leech has proposed as a way of explaining how politeness operates in conversational exchanges.Leech defines politeness as forms of behaviors that establish and maintain comity.That is the ability of participants in a social interaction to engage in interaction in an atmosphere of relative harmony.In stating his maxims Leech uses his own terms for two kinds of illocutionary acts.He calls representatives “assertive”,and calls directives “appositives”.
Politeness first is a social and cultural phenomenon,which refers to people,shows concern for others; it is one of the most basic principles of human contact.The aims of politeness are minimized that already existing in contradictions and conflicts of the human relations,so that communication can be effective.(Lakof) 111 (P34)
Politeness and interpersonal behavior,especially with closely related to communicative acts and language,linguists discuss the use of language when writing spontaneously relations with the politeness.
Politeness has a central role in interpersonal communication and intercultural communication (“ICC”,i.e.,communication between people of different cultures).  The concept of politeness helps explain the way people communicate not only in one language and culture,but also between languages and cultures.  In other words,the way one defines politeness will govern one’s communication/interaction with other people in the same culture and/or across cultures.  As a key area,the concept of politeness deals with many core aspects in ICC both interpersonally and impersonally.  Understandings of this fundamental concept can significantly elucidate human linguistic and non-linguistic behaviors. 
在 Gricean 合作的原则和有礼的问题之间提供一个不见的联编是一种广泛的扩延社会的现象; 它是一份社会的契约,有在社会的每个成员上的它的装订效果.作为人类的交互作用的一种全世界的元素,有礼在帮助维持社会的平衡和友好的关系方面担任一个决定性的角色,而且它是一个方法避免人类的交互作用的冲突.因为文化从彼此、方式和策略改变人从不同的文化在和彼此相处方面收养也不一致.
有礼原则是一系列的格言,已经计划当解释有礼如何在会话的交换中操作的方法之时.水蛭定义有礼当建立并且维持友谊的行为的表格.那在交互作用在比较协调的气氛下答应的社会交互作用下是叁加者的能力.在说他的格言水蛭方面使用他自己的期限作为 illocutionary 行为的二个类型.他认为代表 " 断定的 ",和呼叫指令 " 同位格字 ".
有礼首先是一种社会和文化的现象,关于其他参照人,表演担心; 它是人类连络的最基本原则之一.有礼的目标被将那减到最少已经在人际关系的矛盾和冲突存在,所以沟通可能是有效的.(Lakof)111(P34)
有礼和人与人之间的行为,尤其与接近地讲到畅谈的行为和语言,当自然地写与有礼的关系时候,语言学家讨论语言的使用.
有礼有一个人与人之间的沟通和不同文化间的沟通中最主要的角色.(" ICC",也就是,在不同文化的人之间的沟通) 有礼的观念帮助解释方式人沟通不只有以一种语言和文化,但是也在语言和文化之间.换句话说,方法一定义有礼将会和相同的文化的其他的人以及/ 或在整个文化统治一沟通/交互作用.作为一个主要区域,人与人之间地而且客观地的在 ICC 中有许多核心方面的有礼交易的观念.这项基本的观念的理解能重要地阐明人类的语言学和非语言学的行为.