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谁帮我找一篇关于印刷网点的英文文献,8000字符左右!

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谁帮我找一篇关于印刷网点的英文文献,8000字符左右!
有翻译更好,非常感谢,越快越好!
In the printing process, continuous harmonic images are halftone dots to adjust the spacing to the performance. And by four-color CMYK mixture of dots, you can show unlimited number of colors.
Currently in the printing process used in the main, two different network types: AM network (AM) and FM outlets (FM).
AM network is currently the most widely used in a network. Its network density is fixed, by adjusting the size of dots to show the depth of color in order to achieve the color transition. In the printing, the AM networks need to consider the use of major network size, network forms, network point of view, factors such as cable precision.
Network size is determined by network coverage, also known as reference rate. General habits like to use "as" as a measure of units, such as the network coverage of 10% on referred to as "one into a network," the network coverage of 20% referred to as "the Second into a network," In addition, the network coverage of 0% said as "no net" coverage of 100% of the network referred to as the "field."
Tone the print in general is divided into three levels: light transfer, intermediate transfer, dark tune. Liang transfer part of the network coverage of 10% ~ 30%; intermediate transfer part of the network coverage of 40% ~ 60%; dark transfer element is 70% ~ 90%. Not part of networks and the field is a separate division. Network printing in all forms is not only imaginary circle only one reference to the rate of 50% of cases shown by dots to divide the shape can be divided into: square, round, diamond three.
Square network coverage of 50 percent in the next, into a chessboard-like. Its relatively sharp particles, the strong level of performance. For lines, graphics, and some hard-tune the performance of the image.
Radio network, whether in light or in the middle tune tune, the dots are all independent, the only secret-key connected to that part of the case. Therefore, the adoption of the ability of poor levels of performance, four-color printing in the use of relatively few.
Synthesis of diamond-shaped square dots dots dots circular hard to reconcile the transfer characteristics of the soft, natural color transition for the general image, photo performance.
Network perspective
Printing plate, the dots have the choice of point of view a vital role. Choose the wrong point of view of the network, interference fringes will appear.
Common network point of view 90 degrees, 15 degrees, 45 degrees, 75 degrees a few. 45 degrees of the best network performance, stability, and it is not rigid; 15 degrees and 75 degrees to the point of view of the stability of some difference, but the visual effects are not rigid; 90-degree angle is the most stable, but the visual effects too rigid , there is no sense of.
Or two sets of two or more networks together, there will be interference in each other, when serious enough to interfere with the impact of image appearance, it appeared the so-called "Moire" the.
Generally speaking, the angle difference of two points in 30 degrees and 60 degrees, the overall appearance is still relatively interference fringes; followed by a 45-degree angle of deviation of dots; when the angle difference of two points to 15 degrees and 75 degrees When harmful interference fringes on a beautiful image.
Network lines
The number of lines determines the size of the fine degree of the image, similar to the resolution. The line number of common applications are as follows:
10-120 lines: low-quality printing, posters of long-distance watch, posters and other printed matter relatively large area, the general use of newsprint, offset paper to print, sometimes the use of low number of sub-gram paper and paper powder.
150 Line: ordinary four-color printing is generally used for this precision, there are various types of paper.
Line 175-200: beautiful pictures, pictorial, etc., the majority of the use of printing paper
250-300 Line: album of the highest requirements, etc., most with advanced printing paper and specialty paper.
Screen dots is adjusted since the 90's developed a new screening method and the AM network which is different: The network stressed network screen size is fixed, it is through the control network to achieve the intensity of the Tone. Transfer part of the network bright light, the dark part of the network-intensive transfer
在印刷过程中,连续调和半色调图像都是由网点的疏密来进行调整表现的.而通过将CMYK四色的网点混合,则可以表现出无穷多的颜色.

目前在印刷工艺中使用的网点主要有两种不同的类型:调幅网点(AM)和调频网点(FM).
调幅网点是目前使用的最为广泛的一种网点.它的网点密度是固定的,通过调整网点的大小来表现色彩的深浅,从而实现了色调的过渡.在印刷中,调幅网点的使用主要需要考虑网点大小、网点形状、网点角度、网线精度等因素.
网点大小是通过网点的覆盖率决定的,也称着墨率.一般习惯上喜欢用“成”作为衡量单位,比如10%覆盖率的网点就称为“一成网点”、覆盖率20%的网点称为“二成网点”另外,覆盖率0%的网点称为“绝网”,覆盖率100%的网点称为“实地”.

印刷品的阶调一般划分为三个层次:亮调、中间调、暗调.亮调部分的网点覆盖率为10%~30%左右;中间调部分的网点覆盖率为40%~60%左右;暗调部分则为70%~90%.绝网和实地部分是另外划分的.印刷中的网点形状不只是大家想象中的单单圆形一种,以50%着墨率情况下网点所表现出的形状来划分,可以分为:方形、圆形、菱形三种.



方形网点在50%覆盖率下,成棋盘状.它的颗粒比较锐利,对于层次的表现能力很强.适合线条、图形和一些硬调图像的表现.

圆形网点无论是在亮调还是在中间调的情况下,网点之间都是独立的,只有暗调的情况下才有部分相连.所以对于的采层次的表现能力不佳,四色印刷中比较少采用.

菱形网点综合了方形网点的硬调和圆形网点的柔调特性,色彩过渡自然,适合一般图像、照片的表现.
网点角度

印刷制版中,网点角度的选择有着至关重要的作用.选择错误的网点角度,将会出现干涉条纹.

常见的网点角度有90度、15度、45度、75度几种.45度的网点表现最佳,稳定而又不显得呆板;15度和75度的的角度稳定性要差一些,不过视觉效果也不呆板;90度的角度是最稳定的,但是视觉效果太呆板,没有美感了.
两种或者两种以上的网点套在一起,会有相互的干涉,当干涉严重到影响图像美观时,就出现俗称的“龟纹”了.
一般来说,两种网点的角度差在30度和60度的时候,整体的干涉条纹还比较美观;其次为45度的网点角度差;当两种网点的角度差为15度和75度的时候,干涉条纹就有损图像美观了.
网点线数
网线数的大小决定了图像的精细程度,类似于分辨率.常见的线数应用如下:
10-120线: 低品质印刷,远距离观看的海报、招贴等面积比较大的印刷品,一般使用新闻纸、胶版纸来印刷,有时也使用低克数的亚粉纸和铜版纸.
150线: 普通四色印刷一般都采用此精度,各类纸张都有.
175-200线:精美画册、画报等等,多数使用铜版纸印刷
250-300线:最高要求的画册等等,多数用高级铜版纸和特种纸印刷.
调屏网点是90年代以来新发展起来的一种加网方式,它和调幅网点不同之处在于:调屏网点的网点大小是固定的,它是通过控制网点的密集程度来实现阶调.亮调部分的网点稀疏,暗调部分的网点密集.