作业帮 > 英语 > 作业

英语被动表示主动的资料有吗

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:拍题作业网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/03/28 21:32:23
英语被动表示主动的资料有吗
高考英语主动表示被动用法详解
一、谓语动词的被动情况:
1. 某些连系动词,如look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等,由于没有宾语,也就没有被动式,习惯以主动语态形式表示被动意义.
例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable.? 你的理由听起来很合理.?
The flower smells sweet. 这花闻起来香.
Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口.
The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸起来很软.
但是,当上述动词不用作系动词,作实意动词时,则不具有这种用法.
例如:
His heart was felt still beating. 他的心脏仍在跳动.
Pepper can be tasted in the soup. 汤里有胡椒粉的味道.
2. 一些动词read, wash, clean, cook,lock, shut, open, act, write,cut,wear等,用作不及物动词时且表示主语的某种属性时,用主动表被动.
例如:?
The door won’t open.这门打不开.?
It can’t move.它不能动.?
【注意】该用法的不及物动词通常与can’t(不能), won’t (不会)等连用,注意它与用被动语态含义不同:
The window won’t shut. 这窗户关不上.(说明主语的属性——窗户有问题了)
The window won’t be shut. 这窗户将不用关上.(窗户本身没问题,只是不用关)
3、 need,want,require(要求,需要),deserve(应得,值得),not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动.
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了.
These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管.
Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).?你的头发该剪了.?
2、不定式作定语,放在被修饰词后面,与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系,又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系,不定式要用主动表被动含义.
I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情.(与work有动宾关系,与I有主谓关系)
Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间.(与room有动宾关系,与Tom 有主谓关系)
He has a family to support.?他要维持一个家庭.?(与family有动宾关系,与he有主谓关系)
二、表语部分的主动表示被动
1、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时,结构为:主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式; 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式.如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义,如 difficult,easy, comfortable(舒适的),convenient(便利的,方便的),hard,cheap, expensive等,不定式用主动表被动.
The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答.
The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做.
I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐.
That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写.
2、在be to blame,be to let和be to seek结构中的一些不定式:这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动.下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义:?
Who is to blame for starting the fire? 这场火灾应由谁负责?
You are to blame for the accident. 你应为这事受动责备.
A better way is yet to seek. 还得找一种更好的办法.
The house is to let. 此房出租.?
A lot remains to do. 还剩下许多事情要做.?
3、在be worth(值得)结构中,worth后用动词的-ing结构表示被动.
如:The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读.
4. 主语much, a great deal, little, what等,其表语如是不定式,则用不定式的主动表被动.
What is to do? 做什么?
Much is to do. 太多要做的事.
三、其他情况的主动表示被动
1、不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时,可用主动式,也可用被动式,有时含义差不多:
There is too much work to do [to be done]. 要做的工作太多了.
但有时含义有差别(不定式用主动式可视为其前省略了for sb,用被动式可视为其后省略了by sb):
There is nothing to do. 无事可做. (含有无聊之意)
There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了. (指没有办法了)
There is nothing to see. 没什么可看的. (即不值一看)
There is nothing to be seen. 没看见什么. (指没东西看)
但在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义.
There is nothing doing these days. 这些天没事干.
I see there’s a good idea planning. 我知道又在打好主意.
2. 不定式用于某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语,则要用主动形式表示被动意义:
I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写.
I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么.
Do you want to get something to read. 你想找点东西阅读吗?
【注意】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,则应用被动式,比较:
I have something to type now. 现在我有些东西要打(字).(指自己打字)
I have something to be typed now. 现在我有些东西要打(字).(指请人打字)
3. 不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give, show, buy, lend, get等)的直接宾语后作定语时,如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:
Give the children some magazines to read now. 现在给孩子们几本杂志看.
Mary lent me some novels to read. 玛丽借给我一些小说看.
【注意】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是直接宾语前的间接宾语,则应用被动式.
比较:
He will show you the path to the park. 他将告诉你去公园的道路.
He will show you the room to be used as the meeting-room.
他将带你去看看用作会议室的房间.
但有时两者区别不大:
Give me a list of the people to invite [to be invited]. 把需要邀请的人员名单给我.
4. 在 too…to do sth 和…enough to do sth这两个结构中,若句子主语与其后不定式为to do sth被动关系,则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(但也可直接用被动式).不定式前可加for sb, 引出不定式的逻辑主语.
如:
The box is too heavy (for me) to carry it. 这盒子太重,我搬不动.
The hall is not large enough (for us) to have a meeting in. 这个大厅不是大到足够让我们在里面开会.
Tom is too young to be sent to America for advanced study. 汤姆太年轻,不能送到美国去深造.
5. 在“with /without +宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,若宾语补足语是不定式(作定语),不定式所表示的动作将要发生,且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者,此时不定式须用主动式.
例如:
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
With several meetings to attend,he couldn't go to the Great Wall with us.
由于有几次会议要参加,所以他不能和我们一起去长城了.
Without anything to do,he turned off the lights and went to bed.已无事可做,所以他关灯睡觉了.
6. 介词结构表示被动
介词under构成的短语,如果它的宾语是表示动作的名词,通常含有被动意义,意为“在……过程中”.该介词结构可使句子言简意赅,避免过多地使用被动语态.这种介词短语在句中常作表语,也可作补足语或定语.
Your suggestion is still under discussion . 你的建议正在讨论中.He is said to be under arrest for stealing money. 据说他由于偷钱被捕了.The house under repair is our library . 正在修建的房屋是我们的图书馆.常见的这类under短语还有:under attack在进攻中,under arrest在关押中,under consideration在考虑中,under construction在建设中,under contact在联系中,under discussion在讨论中,under examination在审查中,under investigation在调查中,under repair在修理中,under review在审议中 under treatment在医治中,under trial在受审中【注意】还有一些介词,如in , on , for , above , beyond , past , out of , within等,也可以构成表示动作的介词短语.如:The writer has finished writing his novel but it is not yet in print . (= ---being printed)作者已经写完了他的小说,但尚未出版.Grapes from XinJiang are on sale. (= ---to be sold) 新疆葡萄在销售.
His virtue is above all praise. (= ---can’t be praised completely) 他的美德赞颂不尽.The fellow’s insolence is beyond endurance. (= ---can’t be endured)
这家伙傲慢无礼,叫人受不了.His car was out of control. (= ---could not be controlled) 那部汽车失去了控制.