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请问英语“个”怎么说?“件”怎么说?

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请问英语“个”怎么说?“件”怎么说?
汉语量词与英文用法对照
1、一群
一群人 a crowd/group/multitude/throng/army/team/class of people;a gang/swarm/horde/pack/band of people(in a derogatory way)
troop 通常指聚在一起活动的、生气勃勃的一群人.如:
a troop of demonstrators/shoppers/visitors
bevy 特指女性的“一群”,有时指鸟类,尤指鹌鹑或云雀.如:
a bevy of actresses/young women/ladies/shop girls/quails
表贬义的“一群”有:a mob of angry people/rioters/slaves/liars/blackguards
horde 原意为游牧部落,通常含有轻蔑色彩:
a horde of lazy-bones/swindlers/locusts/hooligans
band;gang 常指“帮”:
a band of robbers/gangsters/thieves/outlaws
a gang of criminals/slaves/prisoners
一群牛、象、马、天鹅 a herd of cattle/elephants/horses/swans
一群鸟 a flock of birds/geese/hens/goats/swallows/sheep/chickens
一群猎狗 a pack of hounds/wolves/grouse
一群狐狸 a skulk of foxes
一群狮子 a pride of lions
一群星星 a cluster of stars
一群鱼 a school/shoal of fish/shrimps
一群马 a stud/drove of horses
一群鹅 a gaggle/flock of geese
一群蚊子/蝴蝶 a swarm of mosquitoes/butterflies
一群(窝)蚂蚁 a colony of ants/bees
一群建筑物 a clump/complex of buildings
2、一丝/点/层/片
一片草皮 a chunk of turf
一丝睡意 a wink of sleep
一丝怀疑 a shadow of doubt
一点点工作 a stroke of work
一线未来之光 a glimpse of future
一缕月光 a streak of moonlight/amber(fig)
一丝绿意;一片绿色 a tint of green
一片心意 a small token of our hearts
一丝嫉妒;一阵窘迫 a slight twinge of jealousy/embarrassment
一丝恻隐之心 a sign of sympathy for...
一丝懊悔 a slight twinge of remorse
一层霜/雪/糖霜 a layer of frost/snow/cream
一丝失望的眼神 a flicker of disappointment
(剩下)一口气/一丝气 a spark/breath of life
一丝失望的情绪 a taint/faint of disappointment
一片漆黑 completely dark;dismal night;pitch dark
一片汪洋 a flood of water
3、英译“一阵”,颇有学问,且看以下译例
(突然爆发出的)一阵哭泣/喝彩/炮击/雷声
a burst of tears/cheers/gunfire/thunder
(量如洪水的)一阵泪雨/瓢泼大雨/夸夸其谈
a flood of tears/rain/boasts
少量或稀疏的
一阵(小)雨/射击 a spatter of rain/bullets
一阵稀疏的掌声/喝彩 a spatter of applause/cheers
声响很大的
一阵隆隆的炮声/雷声 a peal of artillery/thunder
突然而猛烈的
一阵暴雨/狂风/烈火 a gust/blast of rain/wind/flame
持续短暂的
一阵怒气/激情/咳嗽 a fit of anger/passion/coughing
一阵呕吐 a vomiting fit
持续一段时间的
一阵厄运/暑热 a spell of bad luck/summer heat
一阵寒潮 a cold spell of weather
一阵昏厥 a fainting spell
(针捻刀刺般的)一阵内疚/牙痛/风湿痛 a twinge of remorse/toothache/rheumatism
一阵尴尬 a twinge of embarrassment
(抽搐或颤抖的)一阵痛苦/伤心/咳嗽/激动 a spasm of pain/grief/coughing/excitement
雹打雨淋般的
一阵轰炸/打击/咒骂 a hail of bombs/blows/curse
一阵弹雨/批评 a shower of bullets/criticism
更多的例子
一阵欢乐 an agony of joy
一阵子爱意 a flush of love
一点点工作 a stroke of work
一阵心脏病发作 a stroke of heart attack
一点点满足 a crumb of satisfaction
一种混乱的政治局面 a chaos of politics
4、“一阵”为何有这么多不同的译法
其实原因很简单,汉语“一阵”这个数量词不含修辞色彩,可用于各类描述;而在英语中,“一阵”这个概念则是由许多不同的名词来表述的,而且这些词一般分别具有不同的修辞色彩.如:
spatter “少量”,“稀疏”之义;
peal 专指一阵响亮或轰鸣的声音;
twinge 特指肉体或心灵上的一阵剧烈的刺痛;
burst 泛指突然爆发出的一阵,有突如其来之感;
hail 和shower的比喻色彩也很浓,有雹打雨淋之感;
spell常用于描述天气、疾病等,表持续一阵子;
flood一词比喻色彩浓厚,给人以量如洪水,滔滔不绝之感;
gust则专指风、雨、雹、火、烟等的突然而猛烈的一阵.也可用喻感情的猛烈进发;
fit常指持续时间短暂的一阵——尤指疾病的短暂发作或感情的短暂进发;
spasm原指痉挛,抽搐,用于动作、感情的一阵突发时,表抽搐或浑身颤抖之感.
由此可见,英译“一阵”,宜细心推敲,酌情翻译.
5、其他类似的汉译英所用的修辞性的用法
a)暗喻Metaphor
一串香蕉a hand of bananas
颗颗汗珠beads of sweat
一长串汽车a string of cars
很大的朋友圈a large circle of friends
b)借代Metonymy
一串珍珠 a rope of pearls
一炉钢 a heat of steel
一年三熟 three crops a year
一大群飞机 a cloud of planes
林立的烟囱 a forest of chimneys
一片沙滩 a beach of sands
c)夸张Hyperbole
多如牛毛的问题 a sea of troubles
一大笔钱 a pile of money
勃然大怒 a wave of anger
开怀大笑 gales of laughter
无数次 heaps of times
小不点 a dot of child
一小撮敌人 a pinch of enemy
滔滔不绝的话语 a flood of words
6、英语常用单位词及汉语对应词(Commonly-used unit nouns and their Chinese equivalents)
piece块;片;段;项;件;篇;首;幅;张
a piece of bread/paper/wood/furniture/land/advice/news/meat/cloth/music...
bit一点;一些;一片
a bit of water/wood/grass/trouble...
item条;则;项
an item of news/information/business/programme...
article件;项;条
an article of furniture/clothing/luggage/export...
grain粒;颗
a grain of ricce/wheat/salt/sand...
drop滴
a drop of water/oil/rain/blood/dew...
slice薄片
a slice of meat/bread/cake/ham...
cake块
a cake of soap/mud/ice...
bar块;条
a bar of chocolate/candy/soap...
ear穗
an ear of corn/rice/wheat/millet...
loaf块;条
a loaf of bread...
lump块;团
a lump of clay/sugar/earth...
spiral盘
a spiral of mosquito incense...
card板
a card of buttons
pack副;盒
a pack of cards/cigarettes
fistful(s)一把
a fistful of sand/rice...
handful(s)一把
a handful of soil...
armful(s)一抱
an armful of flowers...
cupful(s)一杯
four cupfuls of jam...
mouthful(s)一口
a mouthful of snow/whys...
spoonful(s)一汤匙
a spoonful of sugar...
spadeful(s)一铲
a spadeful of coal...
bagful(s)一袋
a bagful of letters...
但an eyeful of…的意思是“对……大饱眼福”
truckload一货车
a truckload of apples...
shipload一船
a shipload of TV sets...
lorryload一卡车
a lorryload of iron...
fit一阵子
a fit of coughing/fever/laughter/anger/...
ray一线
a ray of hope/intelligence/sunlight…
peal一阵
a peal of thunder/laughter/applause...
flash闪现一下
a flash of hope/lightening/wit...
display炫耀一下
a display of power/courage/force/learning/skill...
attack一疾病的发作
an attack of fever/malaria
group组;群;批
a group of students...
team队:组
a team of experts/footballers/scientists...
gang帮;伙;群;队;组
a gang of four/thieves/robbers...
army大群;队
an army of beggars/ants/bees...
troop群;伙
a troop of soldiers...
host大群
a host of friends/heroes...
pack群;伙
a pack of liars/thieves/rascals/hounds...
band帮;伙
a band of music(players)/brigands...
choir队;组;群
a choir of singers...
bunch串;束;挂;群;帮;伙
a bunch of bananas/fools/flowers/keys/thieves.
bouquet束;把
bouquet of flowers
string串;挂;节
a string of beads/pearls/words/thread
sheaf p1.sheaves捆;束
a sheaf of wheat/arrows/papers
crew帮;伙;全体
a crew of sailors/pilots
party组;伙;批
a party of guests/children...
batch批
a batch of letters/telegrams/visitors...
gaggle群
a gaggle of geese/girls...
litter一窝
a litter of kittens/little piglets/puppies...
herd群
a herd of elephants/deer/cattle...s
swarm群
a swarm of ants/locusts/bees/people/stars...
cluster串;束;群;组
a cluster of flowers/grapes/bees/islands/stars...
a cluster of butterflies/grapes/berries/consonants/houses
brood窝;群;组
a brood of chickens/paintings/thieves...
school群
a school of whales/dolphins...
shoal群
a shoal of fish/whales/people...
flock群
a flock of geese/birds/pigeons/ducks/visitors/customers...
dozen一打
a dozen(of)pencils/eggs/red roses...
gross一罗
a gross of nails/pencils/can openers...
pile一大堆
a pile of what-ifs一大堆假定
mound一大堆
a mound(mouthful)maybes满嘴的可能
clump一群
a clump of islands/buildings
school流派
the school of traditional grammar
train一列
a train of cars一列火车厢
pot一锅
a pot of soup/tea/water...
fleck片
a fleck of snow...
7、 汉英表量的对应名词(Quantity and amount in both languages)
中英文都有表量的手法,除了常见的平铺直叙的说法,还有一些修辞性说法.如:
a sea of people/flames/blood/flags/flowers/happy faces 如海般的/如潮一样的人群;火海;血海;旗海;花海;无数幸福的面孔
an ocean of trouble/time/space/cheering 无穷的麻烦;无休止的时间;浩瀚的宇宙;欢乐的海洋
a scene of great rejoicing 一片欢腾
a chorus of protest/praise 一片抗议之声/赞扬之声
a trove of Chinese porcelain 一批中国磁器
a grove of coco(a)nut/bamboo 一片椰林/竹林
a blaze of lights 一片灯火
a mountain of debts/rubbish/money/dirty clothes 债台高筑/垃圾如山;家财万贯;一大堆脏衣服