英语翻译Industrial injury,occupational disease,and workers’ comp

英语翻译
Industrial injury,occupational disease,and workers’ compensation have not been newsworthy in the conventional sense since the early 1900s.Except for the occasional disaster - the collapse of a building under construction or a mine explosion - little media attention focused on the American workplace and its dangers.In the first two decades of this century workers by the thousands were falling to their deaths from unprotected catwalks,having molten steel poured on them,and being run over by a variety of heavy machines (6,p.43).
Newspapers of the period carried alarming stories of mutilation and death in factories and mines.It was the prominence of these newspaper features that the inexorable force of public opinion began to demand reform.Attempts at reform focused on the acute problems of traumatic injury rather than the long-term problems of occupational disease.It was the traumatic injury,the sudden snap of an arm or a neck,the brilliant flash of a human body consumed in flames,that had captured the imagination of the public and quickened its indignation at the harsh working conditions of so many Americans.It was this sense of injustice that state law makers sought to appease with the first workers’ compensation laws and the first hesitant attempts at regulation of workplace safety.
The Occupational Safety and Health Act,OSHA,was enacted for the purpose of assuring safe and healthful working conditions for every working man and woman in the nation by authorising enforcement of the standards developed under the act; by assisting and encouraging the states in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions; by providing for research,information,education,and training in the field of occupational safety and health; and for other purposes (2,p.9).The act applies to every employer and employee in the nation.There are few exceptions.However,each state may take over the enforcement of OSHA in its own state through an approved state plan,which must equal or exceed the federal OSHA programme.To effectively carry out the full meaning and intent of the law,an active accident prevention safety programme must be established and enacted covering every worker in the nation.

自1900年代初以来,工伤、职业病和工人的伤害赔偿不再具有传统意义上的新闻价值.除了偶尔出现的灾难——一个在建的建筑物倒塌或矿井爆炸——小媒体的关注点集中在美国的工作场所及其危险上.在本世纪头二十年,数千之多的工人死在了无保护的通道内,或者是被钢液倒在身上,或者被各种重型机器碾压(6,P43).
这个时期的报纸刊载来自工厂和矿山的切割和死亡的警示故事.这就是这类报纸的卓越之处,公共舆论不可阻挡的力量开始要求改革.改革的尝试集中在急性外伤性损伤问题而非长期性的职业病问题上.创伤性损伤、胳膊和脖子突然的意外折断,以及人体在火焰环境中的极度消耗,是导致许多美国人对其恶劣的工作条件报以强烈关注的直接原因.正是基于对这种不满感的安抚,美国的法律制定者试图推出第一个工人补偿法和施行迟到的工作场所安全监管.
《职业安全与健康法案》（OSHA）颁布的目的是,通过授权该法案下的标准执法,通过帮助和鼓励美国各州保证安全健康的工作环境的努力,通过为职业安全和健康领域提供研究、信息、教育和培训以及其它途径,为每一位国内的职业男女保证安全、健康的工作环境(2,p9).这项法案适用于国内每一位雇主和雇员,绝少例外.但是,各个州可以通过一个认可的州计划在本地区进行法案执法,这个计划必须等于或者超过联邦法案标准.为了有效体现法律的完整意义和企图,必须建立和制定一个积极的覆盖全国每位工人的事故预防安全计划.