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定语从句,很急

来源:学生作业帮 编辑:拍题作业网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/04/30 09:07:10
到底是先行词在从句中作成分,还是关系代词在从句中作成分。关系代词和先行词有什么关系,关系副词和先行词有什么关系
解题思路: 如下
解题过程:
在复合句中,修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的句子(从句)叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,关系词有:关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成分。如:
The girl who is standing on the stage is my sister.
正站在台上的那个女孩是我的妹妹。(关系代词who在句中作主语)
I can’t find the book (that) I bought yesterday.
我找不到我昨天买的那本书。(关系代词that在句中作宾语,可省去)
Madam Curie was a great scientist whose name is known all over the world.
居里夫人是一位全世界闻名的伟大科学家。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错。
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

最终答案:略