.Over two hundred years ago,Adam Smith introduced some ideas

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Over two hundred years ago,Adam Smith introduced some ideas which brought about a world revolution.If we enjoy a high standard of living in modern society,we owe much to this Scottish economist and philosopher.If we enjoy driving in beautiful cars,wearing fashionable shoes,or flying away to distant places for exciting holidays,we should perhaps pay thanks to the man who made it all possible.
What was Adam Smith’s contribution?Like so many ideas which have surprising effects,his was a simple one.He watched workers practicing their craft of pin making.One man would heat the strip of metal,stretch it out,cut off an appropriate length,shape it,cool it and finally smooth and shine it.Smith drew attention to the advantages which could be gained if these various tasks were performed by different workers.Let one be responsible for preparing the metal.Another for stretching and cutting.Another for shaping.Another for finishing.He described the technique as the Division of Labor; in this way workers repeat the same actions again and again.Smith convinced the world that specialization could solve the problem of poverty and want.
What was the result?The Industrial Revolution.Productivity was greatly increased.For Britain,where the revolution started,there was a prosperity which made it the richest country in the nineteenth century.British trains and railway lines spread out like a spider’s web across the world.British ships were used to carry the new cargoes from one corner of the world to another.
The revolution is not over.It is still with us,but now it is a worldwide phenomenon.Everywhere,factories are producing large numbers of similar products,and are in continuous production.What were called mass-production lines yesterday are called robotic productions today.The pace of change is increasing.And if these techniques have brought us prosperity,they have also brought us a little misery in overcrowded towns,boring jobs and,most of all,unemployment.

在二百年前,亚当斯密了一些想法,带来了世界革命.如果我们享受着较高的生活水准在现代社会中,我们非常感谢这个苏格兰经济学家和哲学家.如果我们在美丽的享受驾驶的汽车,穿着时髦的鞋子,或飞行距离遥远的地方令人兴奋的假期,我们也许应该支付感谢男子谁取得这一切成为可能.
什么是亚当斯密的贡献?像这样的想法有许多令人惊讶的效果,他是一个简单的问题.他看着工人的工艺实践引脚决策.一名男子将热量带金属,拉伸了,切断了一个适当的长度,形状,冷静,并最终顺利和服务它.史密斯提请注意的优势,如果能够获得这些不同的任务是由不同的工人.让一个负责编写金属.另一个则是拉伸和切割.另一个塑造.另一整理.他说,技术的分工,这样的工人重复同样的行动,一次又一次.史密斯相信世界上专业化可以解决贫穷和匮乏.
结果如何呢?工业革命.生产力大大提高.对英国来说,在革命的开始,有一个繁荣这使最富有的国家在19世纪.英国的火车和铁路线分布像蜘蛛网世界各地.英国船只被用来进行新的货物从一个角落到另一个世界.
革命尚未结束.它仍然是我们的,但现在它是一个世界范围的现象.各地,工厂大量生产类似的产品,并在连续化生产.什么是所谓的大规模生产线昨天被称为机器人制作的今天.变化的步伐也越来越多.如果这些技术给我们带来了繁荣,但也给我们带来了一些苦难在拥挤不堪的城市,无趣的工作和最重要的是,失业问题.