but的语法

but的语法

ut 的用法
but 一词既可作连词、介词、副词用,又有一些习惯搭配和固定用法,现对其用法作以下归纳.
一、用作连词
1. 用作等立连词,使其前后的词、短语、分句相互对照,作“但是,然而,可是”解.例如：
She is young but very experienced. 她虽然年轻但经验丰富.
2. 用于表示歉意的话语之后,表示谢绝或不赞成.例如：
I'm sorry, but I disagree with you. 对不起,我不同意你的意见.
3. 用于两个并列的分句之间,与前面的否定词形成对比,作“无……而不……”解.例如：
It never rains but it pours. 不雨则已,一雨倾盆.
I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society.
我走过那所房子时,没有一次不想起我在旧社会所过的悲惨生活.
二、用作介词
1. 与 no , nobody , nothing , none , who 等词连用,作“除……之外”解,用来排除同类中的一分子,或从整体中除去一部分.例如：
Nobody knew her but me. 除我以外,没有人认识她.
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan.
这个计划只能带来灾难,别无益处.
2. but 前面有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的动词不定式要省略 to ；其前没有 do 的某种形式时, but 后面的不定式要带 to .例如：
We had no choice but to wait.
除了等待,我们别无选择.
He did nothing all day long but watch TV.
一整天,他除了看电视,别无他事可做.
3. 与 last , next 及 one , two 等连用,作“倒数第二、第三”等解.例如：
Jack was the last but one to arrive.
杰克是倒数第二个到达的.
三、用作副词
1. 意思上相当于 only ,后面跟名词或动词.例如：
Tom is but a child. 汤姆只是个孩子.
We can but try now. 我们现在只有尝试一遍.
2. but 出现在 too … to …结构前面时,不定式含肯定意义.例如：
I'm but too glad to go there with you.
我非常高兴和你一起去那里.
四、含 but 的习惯用语
1. but for ＝ without ,意为“要不是；如果没有”,意思上相当于一个虚拟条件句.例如：
But for the rain (If it hadn't rained), we would have had a pleasant journey.
要不是天下雨,我们这次旅行就惬意了.
But for your help, we couldn't have carried out the plan.
如果没有你的帮助,我们不可能实现那个计划.
2. but that = except that ,意为“若非；要不是”,引导虚拟条件状语从句.例如：
He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time.
要不是他那时候没钱,他会帮助我的.
3. but then = on the other hand ,意为“不过；在另一方面”.例如：
London is a noisy place, but then it's also a place where you get the best entertainment.
伦敦是个闹市,不过它也是能够给你最好娱乐的地方.
4. nothing but = only ,意为“只；不过是”.例如：
We could see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水.
5. not … but …意为“不是……而是……”,连接两个并列的名词、形容词、副词、短语或分句等.例如：
My bag is not black but red.
我的书包不是黑色的而是红色的.
He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.
他失败了,不是因为他不聪明而是因为他工作不努力.
6. no … but 意为“没有……不……”.例如：
No child but likes Old Li in our village.
没有孩子不喜欢我们村里的老李.
7. not only … but also … 意为“不但……而且……；既……又……”,连接两个并列成分.例如：
Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting.
不但你而且她也得参加这次会议.
He not only teaches us English but also does other things for us.
他不但教我们英语,而且还为我们干别的事情.
8. not that … but that …意为“不是因为……而是因为……”.例如：
Not that the car is out of order, but that I've not learned to drive.
不是汽车出了故障,而是我还没有学会开车.
9. can't help but do … 意为“不能不……；忍不住……”.例如：
I can't help but cry. 我忍不住哭了.
10. all but 意为“除……外全都,几乎”.例如：
All but mother in my family can speak English.
除母亲外,我的一家人都会说英语.
His theory is all but correct. 他的理论几乎是正确的.
11. anything but 意为“不见得,决不”.例如：
He is anything but a good headmaster. 他不见得是个好校长.
This car is anything but beautiful. 这辆小汽车根本不漂亮.
12. but now 意为“刚刚,适才”.例如：
I saw him in the office but now. 我刚刚看见他在办公室.
I heard the commander talk about you but now.
适才听得司令讲到您.
13. can (or could) but 意为“只能,只好”.例如：
His father can but know a few letters.
他的父亲只能认几个字母.
The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick.
那个老太太只能拄着拐杖慢慢地朝前走.
14. can (or could) not but 意为“不得不,忍不住”.例如：
I could not but tell him about it.
我不得不告诉他这件事.
Seeing her husband's funny face, she could not but laugh.
看见丈夫的滑稽面孔,她忍不住大笑起来.
15. cannot (or could not) choose but 意为“不得不,必须”.例如：
They could not choose but obey. 他们除了服从外别无选择.
16. never … but 意为“每当……就……”.例如：
He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend, Xiao Ya.
每当见到王女士时,他就想起他的朋友小雅来.
Her brother never comes, but he asks her for money.
她兄弟来时,总是向她要钱.
17. next but one 意为“再下一个”.例如：
They used to live in the next house but one to me.
他们住在我隔壁的隔壁.
18. no one but 意为“除了……外,谁也不”.例如：
No one but a madman would say such words. 除了疯子,谁也不会说这样的话.
19. not so … (such a … ) but (that) …意为“没有到（不能……）”.例如：
His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood.
他的英语还不至于差到不能把自己的意思讲清楚的地步.
I'm not so foolish (not such a fool) but (that) I can see what he really meant.
我还没有笨到听不懂他话中的真正含义的地步.