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英语语法They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the pla

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英语语法
They overcame all the difficulties and fulfilled the plan three months ahead of time,( D ) is something we had not expected.
A.that B.what C.it D.which
为什么不选B啊?我经常把what和which混淆,这两个应该怎么区别啊?
具体用法怎样?
类似的题目还有:In some countries,( what ) is called "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people.
而这题又用了what,
what引导名词性从句,相当与定语从句的all that.all是先行词,that是关系代词.which引导定于从句.名词性从句相当于名次,做了主语叫主语从句,做了表语叫表语从句,做了宾语叫宾语从句,做了同位语做同位语从句.但就是做不了定语.而which引导的定语从句相当于形容词,修饰前面的名词,本题1中which引导上文的那句话.而本题2中what is called equality一起做does not really mean的主语.