英语翻译IntroductionThe relations between anxiety and nociceptio

英语翻译
Introduction
The relations between anxiety and nociception can be an-
alysed from two perspectives:the influence of anxiety on
nociception or the impact of nociception on anxiety.Re-
garding the former,there are clinical reports establishing
that under stressful conditions pain perception is increased
whereas in relaxed situations pain is less intense (Cornwall
and Donderi 1988; Jones and Zachariae 2002).Addition-
ally,studies in animals indicate that exposure to cues that
produce anxiety-like responses result in antinociceptive
actions.Thus,Lee and Rodgers (1990) were the first to
demonstrate that exposure to the elevated plus maze (an
anxiety test) results in a long-lasting elevation in tail-flick
latency (an antinociceptive response).This kind of anti-
nociception seems to be non-opioid mediated,since it is not
blocked by naltrexone nor does it show cross-tolerance with
morphine (Lee and Rodgers 1990).This response,however,
is sensitive to a variety of benzodiazepines and 5-HT1A
agonists including diazepam (Rodgers and Randall 1987),
buspirone,gepirone,ipsapirone (Rodgers and Shepherd
1989),midazolam and 8-OH-DPAT (Nunes-de-Souza et al.
2000).The finding that various anxiolytic drugs block the
antinociception induced by exposure to the elevated plus
maze is most likely a direct result of the anxiolytic-like
effect of these compounds,indicating the close relations
between experimental anxiety and nociception.

引 言
焦虑和伤害性之间的关系可以从两个方面来加以分析：焦虑对伤害性的影响,或伤害性对焦虑的影响.关于前者,有临床报告确定,在充满压力的条件下,疼痛知觉会增加,而在放松情况下,疼痛就不那么强烈（Cornwall和 Donderi 1988; Jones 和 Zachariae 2002).此外,对动物的研究表明,暴露于产生抗焦虑响应的暗示中会导致抗伤害性作用.因此,Lee 和 Rodgers (1990)第一个实验证明了,暴露于升高的十字迷宫（一种焦虑测试）会导致甩尾延迟时间（一种抗伤害响应）长持续的升高.这种抗伤害作用似乎是非阿片起作用的,因为它不受纳曲酮的阻断,也不显示与吗啡的交叉耐受性（Lee 和 Rodgers 1990).可是,这一响应对多种苯二氮卓类药物和5-HT1A 促效药,包括安定（Rodgers and Randall 1987）、丁螺旋酮、吉排隆（gepirone）、伊沙匹隆（isapirone）（Rodgers 和 Shepherd 1989)、咪唑安定和8-OH-DPAY(Nunes-de-Souza 等人2000)等是敏感的.关于各种抗焦虑药物阻断因暴露于升高的十字迷宫而产生的抗伤害性的发现最可能是这些化合物抗焦虑作用的直接结果,表明了实验性焦虑与伤害性之间的密切关系.